【摘要】：農(nóng)民工作為中國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)龐大、特殊的群體，是我國(guó)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的重要推動(dòng)力量。隨著時(shí)間的推移，農(nóng)民工群體正經(jīng)歷著代際轉(zhuǎn)換。時(shí)至今日，新生代農(nóng)民工已經(jīng)成為了我國(guó)城市用工和建設(shè)的主力軍。他們?yōu)槲覈?guó)城市的發(fā)展作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，然而，由于種種原因，其生活狀態(tài)卻沒(méi)有得到有效的改善，失業(yè)現(xiàn)象越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。因此，筆者試圖通過(guò)研究我國(guó)新生代農(nóng)民工的整體現(xiàn)狀，加之以理論分析，研究其就業(yè)困境及其原因，進(jìn)而找出在我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌背景下，新生代農(nóng)民工如何解決其就業(yè)困境的有效途徑。 新生代農(nóng)民工是指出生于20世紀(jì)80年代或90年代，年齡在30周歲以下，并于20世紀(jì)90年代末或21世紀(jì)初陸續(xù)進(jìn)入城市打工、經(jīng)商或從事其他非農(nóng)業(yè)的農(nóng)村人口。農(nóng)民工是介于農(nóng)民和城市居民之間的一個(gè)特殊群體，與中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)向城鄉(xiāng)一元社會(huì)體制的轉(zhuǎn)型相伴隨。城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌是以城市和農(nóng)村為一體的發(fā)展思維為基礎(chǔ)，以打破歷史和制度設(shè)計(jì)形成的城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)為起點(diǎn)，立足城市發(fā)展，著眼農(nóng)村建設(shè)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)差距最小化、城市和農(nóng)村共同富裕文明為終極目標(biāo)的一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程。筆者從人力資本理論、勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)分割理論、農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移理論對(duì)我國(guó)新生代農(nóng)民工的出現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了理論解釋。通過(guò)分析筆者認(rèn)為，新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)困境的主要表現(xiàn)為：社會(huì)保障水平偏低，勞動(dòng)權(quán)益保護(hù)制度不健全；職業(yè)選擇迷茫，職業(yè)技能滯后，職業(yè)培訓(xùn)缺失；工資待遇偏低，就業(yè)層次偏低；就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性差，公共需求很難得到滿(mǎn)足。筆者主要從制度層面、政府層面、企業(yè)層面、自身層面等四個(gè)方面，分析造成新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)困境的原因。 通過(guò)以上的分析，筆者認(rèn)為要在城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌背景下解決我國(guó)新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)問(wèn)題，必須從制度環(huán)境、政府主導(dǎo)、企業(yè)參與、新生代農(nóng)民工自身等四個(gè)方面同時(shí)發(fā)力。在制度環(huán)境上，應(yīng)當(dāng)深化戶(hù)籍制度改革、完善社會(huì)保障制度、健全法律保護(hù)體系。對(duì)于政府而言，應(yīng)當(dāng)建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)、完善公共就業(yè)服務(wù)系統(tǒng)、發(fā)展縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)，引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民工就地就近轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)。企業(yè)自身應(yīng)當(dāng)自覺(jué)履行其法定責(zé)任，，規(guī)范企業(yè)用工制度；加大人力資本的投資，對(duì)員工定期開(kāi)展職業(yè)培訓(xùn)；發(fā)揮工會(huì)的積極作用，暢通利益訴求渠道。新生代農(nóng)民工自己也應(yīng)當(dāng)樹(shù)立正確的就業(yè)觀，提高心理素質(zhì)；積極參與職業(yè)培訓(xùn)，提升就業(yè)能力；主動(dòng)參加就業(yè)保障，增強(qiáng)維權(quán)意識(shí)。
[Abstract]:Migrant workers, as a huge and special group in the process of social transformation in China, are an important driving force for the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China. With the passage of time, migrant workers are experiencing intergenerational transformation. Today, the new generation of migrant workers has become the main force in urban employment and construction. They have made great contributions to the development of cities in our country. However, due to various reasons, their living conditions have not been effectively improved, and the unemployment phenomenon is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the author tries to study the overall situation of the new generation of migrant workers in China, in addition to theoretical analysis, to study their employment difficulties and reasons, and then find out in the context of urban and rural planning in China. New generation of migrant workers how to solve their employment difficulties of effective ways. The new generation of migrant workers refers to the rural population who were born in the 1980s or 1990s, under the age of 30 years, and entered the city to work in the late 1990s or the beginning of the 21st century, doing business or engaging in other non-agricultural rural population. Migrant workers are a special group between peasants and urban residents, which is accompanied by the transformation from the dual structure of urban and rural areas to the unitary social system of urban and rural areas. The overall planning of urban and rural areas is based on the development thinking of integrating urban and rural areas, taking breaking the dualistic structure of urban and rural areas formed by historical and institutional design as the starting point, based on urban development, focusing on rural construction, in order to minimize the gap between urban and rural areas. Urban and rural common prosperity civilization as the ultimate goal of a system engineering. The author explains the emergence of the new generation of migrant workers in China theoretically from the theory of human capital, the theory of labor market segmentation and the theory of rural labor force transfer. The author believes that the employment dilemma of the new generation of migrant workers is mainly manifested as: low level of social security, imperfect labor rights and interests protection system, confused career choice, lagged vocational skills, lack of vocational training, low pay. Employment level is low, employment stability is poor, public demand is difficult to meet. The author analyzes the reasons for the employment dilemma of the new generation of migrant workers from four aspects: system level, government level, enterprise level and self level. Through the above analysis, the author thinks that in order to solve the employment problem of the new generation of migrant workers in the context of urban and rural planning, we must make efforts from four aspects: institutional environment, government leading, enterprise participation, and the new generation migrant workers themselves. In the institutional environment, we should deepen the reform of the household registration system, perfect the social security system and perfect the legal protection system. For the government, it is necessary to establish a unified labor market between urban and rural areas, perfect the public employment service system, develop the county economy, and guide migrant workers to transfer employment nearby. Enterprises themselves should conscientiously fulfill their legal responsibilities, standardize the employment system of enterprises, increase investment in human capital, carry out regular vocational training for employees, give full play to the positive role of trade unions, and unblock channels of interest demands. The new generation of migrant workers themselves should also set up a correct view of employment, improve their psychological quality, actively participate in vocational training, enhance their employability, take the initiative to participate in employment security, and enhance their awareness of safeguarding their rights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F323.6;F249.2

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