城鎮(zhèn)污水處理服務(wù)市場(chǎng)化改革成效評(píng)價(jià)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-25 07:33
【摘要】：污水處理服務(wù)是一項(xiàng)基本公共服務(wù),其行業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)水資源保護(hù)、銜接水的自然系統(tǒng)和社會(huì)系統(tǒng)具有關(guān)鍵作用。中共十八大報(bào)告提出了“生態(tài)文明建設(shè)”的重要議題,也進(jìn)一步對(duì)污水處理服務(wù)行業(yè)提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)、創(chuàng)造了新的機(jī)遇。我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)污水處理服務(wù)市場(chǎng)化改革開始于2002年,以解決城鎮(zhèn)市政服務(wù)發(fā)展資金瓶頸以及提高市政服務(wù)水平滿足社會(huì)公眾需求為根本目的,同時(shí)扶持污水處理服務(wù)行業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。污水處理服務(wù)市場(chǎng)化改革的本質(zhì)內(nèi)涵在于市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制的引入,即在污水處理設(shè)施投資、建設(shè)以及運(yùn)營(yíng)環(huán)節(jié)引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制,而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)污水處理設(shè)施的私人享有,市場(chǎng)化改革并沒有改變污水處理服務(wù)準(zhǔn)公共產(chǎn)品的本質(zhì),而是更加強(qiáng)調(diào)政府的最終供給責(zé)任和對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制作用的監(jiān)督責(zé)任。本研究以公共物品以及有效競(jìng)爭(zhēng)理論為依據(jù),準(zhǔn)確把握城鎮(zhèn)污水處理服務(wù)市場(chǎng)化改革的內(nèi)涵,梳理該行業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及所面臨的困境；基于此從服務(wù)能力和服務(wù)效率兩個(gè)方面對(duì)改革成效進(jìn)行細(xì)致評(píng)價(jià),并以河南省污水處理服務(wù)行業(yè)改革所取得的成效作為案例進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)研究；最后,在案例研究的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)污水處理服務(wù)行業(yè)改革成效做進(jìn)一步地綜合評(píng)價(jià),據(jù)此提出深化我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)污水處理服務(wù)市場(chǎng)化改革的政策性建議。主要研究結(jié)論包括： (1)服務(wù)能力方面,城鎮(zhèn)人均污水處理服務(wù)得到了顯著提高,服務(wù)覆蓋面積不斷擴(kuò)大；區(qū)域角度,東、中、西、東北各區(qū)域均較快增長(zhǎng),且差距顯著縮小,改革促進(jìn)了區(qū)域均衡發(fā)展；頂層設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于減排工作的重視是污水處理水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)顯著提高的外在動(dòng)力,市場(chǎng)化是實(shí)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)污水處理設(shè)施出水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高的有效手段；城鎮(zhèn)化率不斷提高背景下,服務(wù)需求量不斷增長(zhǎng)情況下污水處理行業(yè)實(shí)際供給能力顯著提高。 (2)服務(wù)效率方面,污水處理設(shè)施的運(yùn)行負(fù)荷率得到了平穩(wěn)提高,但不同區(qū)域城市之間的差異較大,且仍然具有通過提高負(fù)荷率來滿足污水處理需求的較大空間,行業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)管理專業(yè)化、規(guī)范化水平偏低；污染物去除方面,污水處理設(shè)施數(shù)量建設(shè)、運(yùn)營(yíng)市場(chǎng)化程度與TN去除率之間具有基本一致的變動(dòng)趨勢(shì),但與COD去除率之間沒有顯著的趨勢(shì)變動(dòng)關(guān)系,污染物減排效果有待改善；污水處理服務(wù)暫無市場(chǎng)價(jià)格形成機(jī)制,但污水處理費(fèi)用價(jià)格在進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)化改革之后呈現(xiàn)明顯的漲幅,企業(yè)成本控制動(dòng)機(jī)和能力均得到增強(qiáng),政府購(gòu)買服務(wù)價(jià)格下降；除污水處理廠自身?xiàng)l件以及客觀區(qū)位環(huán)境因素外,污水處理行業(yè)市場(chǎng)化改革中的特許經(jīng)營(yíng)融資建設(shè)模式對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)較高的減排效率具有決定性作用。 (3)河南省污水處理服務(wù)行業(yè)市場(chǎng)化改革的成效包括：?jiǎn)挝蝗司鬯幚砟芰焖僭鲩L(zhǎng)、污水處理項(xiàng)目排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)顯著提高、城鎮(zhèn)污水處理率穩(wěn)定提升、企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)效率提高,冗員減少、污水處理設(shè)施運(yùn)行負(fù)荷率與全國(guó)持平。 (4)應(yīng)從加強(qiáng)準(zhǔn)入監(jiān)管與過程監(jiān)管；完善產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革,實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)化經(jīng)營(yíng)；加快污水處理費(fèi)價(jià)格機(jī)制形成以及完善配套措施等方面深化城鎮(zhèn)污水處理服務(wù)行業(yè)的市場(chǎng)化改革。
[Abstract]:The sewage treatment service is a basic public service. The development of its industry plays a key role in the protection of water resources, the natural system and the social system of connecting water. The eighteen major reports of the Communist Party of China have put forward the important issues of "ecological civilization construction", and also put forward new challenges to the sewage treatment service industry and create a new machine. The market-oriented reform of urban sewage treatment service in China began in 2002, in order to solve the capital bottleneck of urban municipal service development and to improve the municipal service level to meet the social public needs, and to support the sustainable and healthy development of the sewage treatment service industry. The essential connotation of the market-oriented reform of sewage treatment service lies in the market competition. The introduction of the dispute mechanism is to introduce the competition mechanism in the investment, construction and operation of the sewage treatment facilities, instead of emphasizing the private enjoyment of the sewage treatment facilities. The market-oriented reform does not change the essence of the quasi public products of the sewage treatment service, but more emphasis on the ultimate responsibility of the government and the supervision responsibility for the role of the competition mechanism. On the basis of public goods and effective competition theory, this study accurately grasps the connotation of the market-oriented reform of urban sewage treatment services, combs the current situation of the development of the industry and the difficulties faced by it. Based on this, this paper makes a detailed evaluation on the effectiveness of the reform from two aspects of service capacity and service efficiency, and takes the sewage treatment service industry in Henan province. The results of the reform are evaluated as a case. Finally, on the basis of the case study, the effectiveness of the reform of the urban sewage treatment service industry in China is further evaluated. Accordingly, the policy suggestions for deepening the market-oriented reform of urban sewage treatment services in China are put forward. The main conclusions include:
(1) in terms of service capacity, the urban per capita sewage treatment service has been significantly improved and the coverage area of the service is expanding; the regional angle, the East, the middle, the West and the northeast regions are increasing rapidly, and the gap is narrowing significantly. The reform promotes the balanced development of the region; the top level design for the emission reduction work is a significant improvement in the wastewater treatment water quality standard. The external driving force and marketization are the effective means to improve the water quality standard of the urban sewage treatment facilities. Under the continuous improvement of the urbanization rate, the actual supply capacity of the sewage treatment industry is greatly increased under the continuous increase of the service demand.
(2) in terms of service efficiency, the operating load rate of sewage treatment facilities has been steadily improved, but the difference between cities in different regions is larger, and still has a larger space to meet the demand of sewage treatment by increasing the load rate. The industry operation management is specialized, the standard level is low; the pollutant removal, sewage treatment facilities are number. There is a basic consistent change trend between the quantity construction, the operation marketization degree and the TN removal rate, but there is no significant trend relationship with the COD removal rate, and the effect of pollutant emission reduction needs to be improved; the sewage treatment service has no market price formation mechanism, but the price of sewage treatment fee is obvious after the market reform. In addition, the motivation and ability of enterprise cost control are enhanced and the price of government purchase service is reduced. Besides the conditions of the sewage treatment plant and the factors of the objective location, the mode of concession financing construction in the market reform of the sewage treatment industry has a decisive effect on the realization of the higher efficiency of reducing the discharge.
(3) the results of the market-oriented reform of Henan sewage treatment service industry include: the rapid growth of per capita sewage disposal capacity per capita, the significant improvement of the discharge standard of sewage treatment projects, the stabilization and promotion of urban sewage treatment rate, the improvement of the operation efficiency of the enterprises, the reduction of redundant personnel, and the balance of the operating load rate of sewage treatment facilities with the country.
(4) the market reform of urban sewage treatment service industry should be deepened by strengthening the admittance supervision and process supervision, perfecting the reform of the property right system, realizing the systematic management, speeding up the formation of the price mechanism of the sewage treatment fee and perfecting the supporting measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X324;F299.24
本文編號(hào)：2143092
[Abstract]:The sewage treatment service is a basic public service. The development of its industry plays a key role in the protection of water resources, the natural system and the social system of connecting water. The eighteen major reports of the Communist Party of China have put forward the important issues of "ecological civilization construction", and also put forward new challenges to the sewage treatment service industry and create a new machine. The market-oriented reform of urban sewage treatment service in China began in 2002, in order to solve the capital bottleneck of urban municipal service development and to improve the municipal service level to meet the social public needs, and to support the sustainable and healthy development of the sewage treatment service industry. The essential connotation of the market-oriented reform of sewage treatment service lies in the market competition. The introduction of the dispute mechanism is to introduce the competition mechanism in the investment, construction and operation of the sewage treatment facilities, instead of emphasizing the private enjoyment of the sewage treatment facilities. The market-oriented reform does not change the essence of the quasi public products of the sewage treatment service, but more emphasis on the ultimate responsibility of the government and the supervision responsibility for the role of the competition mechanism. On the basis of public goods and effective competition theory, this study accurately grasps the connotation of the market-oriented reform of urban sewage treatment services, combs the current situation of the development of the industry and the difficulties faced by it. Based on this, this paper makes a detailed evaluation on the effectiveness of the reform from two aspects of service capacity and service efficiency, and takes the sewage treatment service industry in Henan province. The results of the reform are evaluated as a case. Finally, on the basis of the case study, the effectiveness of the reform of the urban sewage treatment service industry in China is further evaluated. Accordingly, the policy suggestions for deepening the market-oriented reform of urban sewage treatment services in China are put forward. The main conclusions include:
(1) in terms of service capacity, the urban per capita sewage treatment service has been significantly improved and the coverage area of the service is expanding; the regional angle, the East, the middle, the West and the northeast regions are increasing rapidly, and the gap is narrowing significantly. The reform promotes the balanced development of the region; the top level design for the emission reduction work is a significant improvement in the wastewater treatment water quality standard. The external driving force and marketization are the effective means to improve the water quality standard of the urban sewage treatment facilities. Under the continuous improvement of the urbanization rate, the actual supply capacity of the sewage treatment industry is greatly increased under the continuous increase of the service demand.
(2) in terms of service efficiency, the operating load rate of sewage treatment facilities has been steadily improved, but the difference between cities in different regions is larger, and still has a larger space to meet the demand of sewage treatment by increasing the load rate. The industry operation management is specialized, the standard level is low; the pollutant removal, sewage treatment facilities are number. There is a basic consistent change trend between the quantity construction, the operation marketization degree and the TN removal rate, but there is no significant trend relationship with the COD removal rate, and the effect of pollutant emission reduction needs to be improved; the sewage treatment service has no market price formation mechanism, but the price of sewage treatment fee is obvious after the market reform. In addition, the motivation and ability of enterprise cost control are enhanced and the price of government purchase service is reduced. Besides the conditions of the sewage treatment plant and the factors of the objective location, the mode of concession financing construction in the market reform of the sewage treatment industry has a decisive effect on the realization of the higher efficiency of reducing the discharge.
(3) the results of the market-oriented reform of Henan sewage treatment service industry include: the rapid growth of per capita sewage disposal capacity per capita, the significant improvement of the discharge standard of sewage treatment projects, the stabilization and promotion of urban sewage treatment rate, the improvement of the operation efficiency of the enterprises, the reduction of redundant personnel, and the balance of the operating load rate of sewage treatment facilities with the country.
(4) the market reform of urban sewage treatment service industry should be deepened by strengthening the admittance supervision and process supervision, perfecting the reform of the property right system, realizing the systematic management, speeding up the formation of the price mechanism of the sewage treatment fee and perfecting the supporting measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X324;F299.24
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 邊軍;黎瑩;蘇時(shí)鵬;鐘麗錦;傅濤;陳騁;胡煥佳;;污水處理市場(chǎng)化改革與運(yùn)營(yíng)監(jiān)管探析——以深圳市龍崗區(qū)為例[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理;2011年08期
2 楊龍軍,劉曉君,曹宇;論城市污水處理服務(wù)的企業(yè)化[J];北方經(jīng)濟(jì);2005年04期
3 吳偉;西方公共物品理論的最新研究進(jìn)展[J];財(cái)貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì);2004年04期
4 鄭麗麗;蘇時(shí)鵬;黃森慰;;國(guó)際水務(wù)公共服務(wù)運(yùn)營(yíng)和監(jiān)管體制比較分析及啟示——以英國(guó)、荷蘭、法國(guó)和美國(guó)為例[J];福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2012年03期
5 汪飛燕;趙定濤;;基于博弈分析的公共服務(wù)民營(yíng)化中的責(zé)任關(guān)系研究[J];管理學(xué)報(bào);2006年01期
6 傅濤,陳吉寧,張麗珍;城市水業(yè)市場(chǎng)化的認(rèn)識(shí)誤區(qū)與政府角色[J];中國(guó)給水排水;2004年01期
7 杜英豪;;英格蘭和威爾士的水務(wù)監(jiān)管體系[J];中國(guó)給水排水;2006年08期
8 劉志銘;駱立騫;;作為政府經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)的公共物品理論:奧地利學(xué)派的反思[J];湖北經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2006年05期
9 喬瑩;栗建華;;污水處理廠節(jié)能降耗區(qū)域性評(píng)價(jià)管理研究[J];長(zhǎng)治學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年05期
10 葛昀;;中國(guó)城市水務(wù)市場(chǎng)化改革反思[J];綠葉;2009年12期
，本文編號(hào)：2143092
本文鏈接：http://www.sikaile.net/jingjilunwen/jingjiguanlilunwen/2143092.html
最近更新
教材專著
