本文關(guān)鍵詞： 中老年人口 勞動參與 經(jīng)濟支持 時間支持 子女結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《浙江大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在人口老齡化和延遲退休年齡的社會背景下,退休、養(yǎng)老和老年勞動供給問題受到越來越多的關(guān)注。然而,傳統(tǒng)的研究將老年人視為獨立的個體,主要從其個人特征、社會保障等方面進行分析。而事實上,中老年人的勞動參與行為并不是單獨的,還涉及到家庭內(nèi)部的代際轉(zhuǎn)移。越來越多的中老年人繼續(xù)為成年子女提供經(jīng)濟支持和以照看孫子女為主要形式的時間支持。因此,本文研究中老年人的代際支持行為對其自身勞動參與的影響,并重點關(guān)注子女結(jié)構(gòu)在其中的作用。首先,本文利用中國健康與養(yǎng)老追蹤調(diào)查(CHARLS)數(shù)據(jù),采用probit模型和非線性分層模型(考慮地區(qū)的異質(zhì)性),分析了子女結(jié)構(gòu)(數(shù)量和性別)對城鎮(zhèn)中老年人口勞動參與行為的影響。實證結(jié)果表明,子女總數(shù)量的增加會降低中老年個體勞動參與的可能性,而兒子數(shù)量的增加會消減這種影響。子女結(jié)構(gòu)如何影響中老年人口的勞動參與?本文進一步基于代際支持的視角,對這一現(xiàn)象的作用機制進行探討。在估計方法上,本文使用面板隨機效應模型(糾正個體異質(zhì)性),probit聯(lián)立方程組和probit工具變量法(解決代際支持和勞動參與的內(nèi)生性問題),系統(tǒng)地估計了中老年人的經(jīng)濟支持、時間支持行為對其自身勞動參與的影響,并從父母和子女層面共同探討了代際支持行為的決定因素。分析結(jié)果表明子女結(jié)構(gòu)的差異會通過影響中老年人口代際支持的方式和強度,進而影響其勞動參與行為：①對子女的經(jīng)濟支持會增加城鎮(zhèn)中老年個體勞動參與的可能性,而時間支持則會降低中老年勞動參與率；②子女數(shù)量的增多會降低中老年個體提供時間支持的可能性,但是兒子數(shù)量增多會消減這種影響,并且兒子數(shù)量的增加會顯著提高經(jīng)濟支持的發(fā)生率；③相比于女兒,兒子更可能得到來自于父母的時間支持和經(jīng)濟支持；④經(jīng)濟支持和時間支持之間存在顯著的正相關(guān),中老年人代際支持行為對其勞動參與的影響方向取決于這兩種作用的相對大小。基于研究結(jié)果,本文認為中老年人口的勞動參與行為與子女是密切相關(guān)的。當前年輕一代所面臨的經(jīng)濟壓力和帶小孩壓力,有相當部分轉(zhuǎn)嫁到父母身上,進而影響了中老年勞動參與行為。發(fā)展社會化兒童看護和教育服務、拓寬年輕人經(jīng)濟支持來源使中老年人能夠自主選擇老后工作和生活,具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Retired in the aging population and the delayed retirement age under the social background, aged and elderly labor supply has attracted more and more attention. However, the traditional research on the elderly as an independent entity, mainly from the aspects of personal characteristics, such as social security analysis. In fact, the elderly labor force participation the behavior is not alone, also involves the intergenerational transfer inside the family. More and more old people continue to provide financial support and to take care of grandchildren as the main form of time support for adult children. Therefore, this paper studies the elderly intergenerational support behavior on the influence of their own labor participation, and focus on the structure of children the role of the Chinese. First of all, health and pension Survey (CHARLS) data, using probit model and nonlinear layered model (considering the heterogeneity of the region), analysis of the children The structure (number and gender) influence on the behavior of labor participation in urban elderly population. The empirical results show that the increase in the total number of children will reduce the possibility of labor participation of older individuals, and increase the number of sons may reduce this effect. Their structure affects the elderly population in the labor force participation? This paper based on the perspective of intergenerational support and discuss mechanism of this phenomenon. In the method of estimation, this paper uses the random effects panel model (correct individual heterogeneity), probit equations and probit (instrumental variable method to solve the endogeneity problem of intergenerational support and participation in the labor force), systematically estimate the elderly economic support, support time affect the behavior of its own labor participation, and from parents and children together to explore the determinants of the level of intergenerational support behavior. The analysis results show that the difference of children structure will Through the support of the elderly population in the intergenerational effects of pattern and strength, and then influence the participation behavior of children's economic support will increase the possibility of elderly individual labor participation in the town, and the time will be reduced in the elderly support labor participation rate; the number of children increased in older individuals will reduce the possibility of providing time support however, the increase in the number of sons will reduce the impact, and the increase in the number of sons will significantly improve the rate of financial support; compared to her daughter, son, are more likely to get support from the parents of the time and economic support; there is a significant positive correlation between economic support and time support, the elderly on intergenerational support behavior the relative size of the labor force participation effect depending on the direction of these two effects. Based on the research results, this paper thinks that in the elderly population in the labor force participation and behavior The female is closely related. The younger generation facing economic pressure and pressure to take care of, are passed on to the parents, thereby affecting the elderly participation behavior. The development of socialization of child care and education services, to broaden the source of economic support to young people in the old people can choose old after work and life is of great significance.

【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F299.21;F249.2

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本文編號：1467463