【摘要】：城市規(guī)模的擴大既有聚集經(jīng)濟的一面,也有聚集不經(jīng)濟的一面,因此從理論上講應(yīng)該存在著一個最優(yōu)城市規(guī)�；蛘哌m宜城市規(guī)模的區(qū)間。在該區(qū)間范圍內(nèi),聚集的邊際收益與聚集的邊際成本剛好相互抵消,聚集帶來的凈收益達到最大化。房價是聚集不經(jīng)濟的直觀指標(biāo),是導(dǎo)致人口分散的力量。在中國,購房支出占家庭支出的很大一部分,而統(tǒng)計局在統(tǒng)計CPI的過程中沒有將房價計算在內(nèi),因此,本文認為CPI不是一個能很好體現(xiàn)地區(qū)間生活成本差異的指標(biāo)。為此,本文建立了房價和CPI加權(quán)的生活成本指數(shù)(COL),比較了各個城市的COL調(diào)整的人均GDP,文中稱之為“真實人均GDP”,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)北京、上海、廣州、深圳等城市雖然名義人均GDP排名靠前,但是由于生活成本過高,真實人均GDP排名在前25名開外。本文在Henderson建立的城市模型的基礎(chǔ)上,基于2005-2013年中國地級及以上城市面板數(shù)據(jù),使用經(jīng)生活成本指數(shù)調(diào)整的GDP測算各城市的全要素生產(chǎn)率,研究了城市的全要素生產(chǎn)率與城市規(guī)模的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)城市規(guī)模與全要素生產(chǎn)率之間存在倒U型關(guān)系。同時還發(fā)現(xiàn)城市規(guī)模與城市產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的交互項對全要素生產(chǎn)率存在正向作用,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)越高級,城市規(guī)模擴張帶來的生產(chǎn)效率提高越明顯。本文還計算了各城市目前產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)水平下的最優(yōu)城市規(guī)模以及95%置信水平下適宜城市規(guī)模的上限和下限。為了與現(xiàn)有文獻形成對比,本文也構(gòu)建模型研究了城市規(guī)模與城市勞動生產(chǎn)率的關(guān)系。雖然,本文也得到了城市規(guī)模與城市勞動生產(chǎn)率的倒U型關(guān)系,并且最優(yōu)城市規(guī)模與現(xiàn)有文獻相差不大。但是對比發(fā)現(xiàn),用全要素生產(chǎn)率作為被解釋變量得到的最優(yōu)城市規(guī)模要小于用勞動生產(chǎn)率得到的最優(yōu)城市規(guī)模,這說明使得全要素生產(chǎn)率最大化的最優(yōu)城市規(guī)模小于使得勞動生產(chǎn)率最大化的城市規(guī)模。
[Abstract]:The expansion of urban scale has both the side of aggregate economy and the side of uneconomic aggregation. Therefore, theoretically speaking, there should be an optimal urban scale or an appropriate interval for urban scale. In this range, the marginal income of aggregation and the marginal cost of aggregation are offset each other, and the net income of aggregation is maximized. House prices are an intuitive indicator of economic agglomeration and the forces leading to population dispersion. In China, house purchase expenditure accounts for a large part of household expenditure, while the statistics bureau does not calculate house prices in the process of CPI statistics. Therefore, this paper argues that CPI is not a good indicator of the difference of living cost between regions. For this reason, this paper establishes a CPI weighted cost-of-living index, (COL), to compare the COL adjusted per capita GDP, of each city, which is called "real per capita GDP". The results show that Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Although Shenzhen and other cities rank high in nominal per capita GDP, real per capita GDP ranks well above the top 25 because of the high cost of living. Based on the urban model established by Henderson and the panel data of cities at or above the prefectural level in China from 2005 to 2013, the total factor productivity (TFP) of each city is measured by using GDP adjusted by the cost of living index. The relationship between urban total factor productivity (TFP) and urban scale is studied. It is found that there is an inverted U-type relationship between urban scale and TFP. At the same time, it is also found that the interaction between urban scale and urban industrial structure has a positive effect on total factor productivity. The higher the industrial structure, the more obvious the increase of production efficiency brought by urban scale expansion. This paper also calculates the optimal city size under the current industrial structure level and the upper and lower limits of the appropriate city size at 95% confidence level. In order to compare with the existing literature, this paper also constructs a model to study the relationship between urban scale and urban labor productivity. Although this paper also obtains the inverted U-shaped relationship between urban scale and urban labor productivity, and the optimal urban scale is not different from the existing literature. However, it is found that the optimal city size obtained by using total factor productivity as the explanatory variable is smaller than that obtained by labor productivity. This shows that the optimal city size of maximizing total factor productivity is smaller than that of labor productivity maximization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F299.2

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