內(nèi)蒙古絨山羊絨毛品質(zhì)性狀早期選擇原理與方法的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-15 06:07
【摘要】：內(nèi)蒙古絨山羊是一個絨肉兼用型的地方山羊品種,以其所產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)羊絨聞名全世界。因此,內(nèi)蒙古絨山羊育種的首要目標性狀應為絨毛品質(zhì)性狀。考慮到該性狀性能測定復雜,且屬于重復測定性狀,實施早期選種計劃難度大,有必要研究一套絨山羊絨毛品質(zhì)性狀早期選擇的理論與方法,來提高選擇準確度,實現(xiàn)早期選種,進而縮短世代間隔,加快遺傳進展。本研究以2008-2012年內(nèi)蒙古絨山羊的毛長、毛細、絨長和絨細為研究對象,通過建立合理的動物模型發(fā)現(xiàn)各絨毛品質(zhì)性狀是否可以實現(xiàn)早期選擇。主要進行了以下幾方面的研究：(1)以內(nèi)蒙古絨山羊絨毛品質(zhì)性能的周歲和重復(1-7歲)記錄為基礎(chǔ),利用廣義線性模型確定影響各性狀的非遺傳因素。結(jié)果表明：測定年份、群、(年齡)和性別是影響各絨毛品質(zhì)性狀的非遺傳因素。另外,利用各性狀的周歲性能記錄,結(jié)合系譜記錄,通過考慮母體遺傳效應、母體永久環(huán)境效應以及個體加性遺傳和母體加性遺傳效應相關(guān),建立6個動物模型。似然比檢驗確定模型1(僅包含固定效應和加性遺傳效應)是各絨毛品質(zhì)性狀遺傳評估的最佳模型。(2)比較無重復力動物模型(周歲)和重復力動物模型(1-7歲)絨毛品質(zhì)性狀遺傳參數(shù)估計結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)利用周歲記錄和重復記錄獲得的遺傳參數(shù)結(jié)果近乎一致。兩種情況下,毛長、毛細、絨長和絨細的遺傳力分別為0.28(0.30)、0.27(0.27)、0.17(0.18)和0.34(0.32),說明周歲記錄進行遺傳評估具有一定的統(tǒng)計功效和遺傳評估的準確性。(3)對不同年齡絨毛品質(zhì)性狀進行遺傳參數(shù)估計發(fā)現(xiàn),除絨長外,其它三個性狀均屬于中等遺傳力,說明遺傳選育可以加快內(nèi)蒙古絨山羊絨毛品質(zhì)性狀的遺傳進展。絨毛品質(zhì)性狀間的遺傳相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),毛長與毛細呈強的負遺傳相關(guān),然而絨長和絨細呈正遺傳相關(guān),而且毛長與絨細呈負遺傳相關(guān),說明選育細絨型個體會導致長度下降,進而減少產(chǎn)絨量,長毛型個體的羊絨品質(zhì)較好。(4)應用多性狀無重復力動物模型對1-5歲各絨毛品質(zhì)性狀進行遺傳參數(shù)估計,揭示各性狀的生長規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明：毛長、絨長的表型值和遺傳力隨年齡的變化規(guī)律一致,說明在一定程度上,表型值隨年齡的變化可以反應其遺傳變化規(guī)律；然而,毛細和絨細的表型值和遺傳力隨年齡的變化不一致,說明不同年齡環(huán)境對其影響存在差異。(5)將同一絨毛品質(zhì)性狀的相鄰年齡組合,進行分組,構(gòu)建合理的動物模型,比較各模型的方差和協(xié)方差結(jié)構(gòu),確定內(nèi)蒙古絨山羊絨毛品質(zhì)性狀的遺傳特性變化情況,進而確定其是否可以實現(xiàn)早期選擇。研究表明,毛長和絨長的遺傳特性表現(xiàn)為三個階段：周歲、兩歲和兩歲以上,毛細和絨細的遺傳特性表現(xiàn)為兩個階段：周歲和成年,說明纖維長度和細度分別根據(jù)三周歲和兩周歲之前的記錄,可以獲得準確的遺傳評估。(6)通過建立線性混合模型,討論不同絨毛等級下,產(chǎn)絨量和其它重要經(jīng)濟性狀(絨長、絨細和抓絨后體重)的關(guān)系。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：不同羊絨等級下,絨長、絨細和抓絨后體重對產(chǎn)絨量的影響程度存在差異。任意羊絨等級下,絨長對產(chǎn)絨量影響極顯著；在粗絨型群體中,絨細對產(chǎn)絨量影響不顯著；在超細和粗絨型群體中,抓絨后體重對產(chǎn)絨量影響不顯著。除粗絨型群體發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)絨量與絨細呈負相關(guān)外,其它任意一種情況,絨長、絨細和抓絨后體重對產(chǎn)絨量均有正的影響。
[Abstract]:The Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat is a new type of local goat variety, which is famous all over the world with its high-quality cashmere. Therefore, the first target character of the inner mongolian cashmere goat breeding should be the quality of the pile. in ord to improve that selection accuracy, realize the early selection and further shorten the generation interval, to speed up genetic progress. In this study, the hair length, the capillary, the corduroy and the corduroy of the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats were studied in 2008-2012, and the early selection was realized by establishing a reasonable animal model. The following aspects were mainly carried out: (1) The non-genetic factors influencing each trait were determined by the generalized linear model based on the first and the repeated (1-7 years old) records of the pile-quality performance of the cashmere goat in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the year, group, age and sex were the non-genetic factors that affected the quality characters of the villi. In addition, six animal models were established by considering the maternal inheritance effect, the maternal permanent environmental effect and the individual additive inheritance and the maternal-plus genetic effect, using the age-of-year performance record of each character and combining the pedigree records. The likelihood ratio test determines that the model 1, which contains only the fixed effect and the additive genetic effect, is the best model for the genetic evaluation of the quality traits of each pile. (2) The results of the genetic parameter estimation of the non-repeated force animal model (1-7 years) and the animal model of repeated force (1-7 years) were compared, and the results of the genetic parameters obtained by using the first and the repeated records were found to be nearly identical. In both cases, the heritability of hair length, capillary, corduroy and fine wool was 0.28 (0.30), 0.27 (0.27), 0.17 (0.18) and 0.34 (0.32). (3) The genetic parameter estimation of the quality characters of the villi in different ages has found that, in addition to the length of the velvet, the other three characters belong to the middle heritability, which indicates that the genetic breeding can accelerate the genetic progress of the quality characters of the pile in the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats. The genetic correlation between the quality characters of the villi was found to be related to the strong negative inheritance of the hair length and the capillary. However, the length of the hair and the fine of the hair were positively related, and the length of the hair was related to the fine of the fine hair. The cashmere quality of the long-haired individual is better. and (4) performing genetic parameter estimation on each pile quality trait of 1 to 5 years by using a multi-trait non-repeated force animal model to reveal the growth rule of each character. The results showed that the phenotypic value and the heritability of the long and long hair were consistent with the age, and the change of the phenotypic value with age could reflect its genetic variation. However, the phenotypic value and the heritability of the capillary and the velvet were not consistent with the age. It is indicated that the influence of different age environment is different. and (5) combining the adjacent ages of the same pile quality traits, grouping, constructing a reasonable animal model, comparing the variance and the covariance structure of each model, and determining the change of the genetic characteristics of the pile quality traits of the cashmere goat in the inner mongolia, and further determining whether the early selection can be realized. The study shows that the genetic characteristics of the long and long hair are three stages: the first, the age of two and the age of two, and the genetic characteristics of the fine capillary and the velvet are two stages: the first and the adult, indicating that the fiber length and the fineness are recorded according to the three-year-old and the two-year-old, respectively, an accurate genetic evaluation can be obtained. (6) By establishing a linear mixed model, the relationship between the yield and other important economic characters (the length of the pile, the fine of the corduroy and the weight of the fleece) was discussed. It was found that there was a difference in the effect of body weight on the amount of wool in different cashmere grades. In any cashmere grade, the pile length has a significant effect on the yield of the wool; in the coarse-pile group, the influence of the fine wool on the amount of the velvet is not significant; in the ultra-fine and coarse-pile group, the effect of the body weight on the yield of the pile is not significant. In other cases, the pile length, the fine of the pile and the body weight of the fleece had a positive effect on the amount of the wool, in addition to a negative correlation between the amount of the velvet and the fine of the velvet.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S827
，
本文編號：2423043
[Abstract]:The Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat is a new type of local goat variety, which is famous all over the world with its high-quality cashmere. Therefore, the first target character of the inner mongolian cashmere goat breeding should be the quality of the pile. in ord to improve that selection accuracy, realize the early selection and further shorten the generation interval, to speed up genetic progress. In this study, the hair length, the capillary, the corduroy and the corduroy of the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats were studied in 2008-2012, and the early selection was realized by establishing a reasonable animal model. The following aspects were mainly carried out: (1) The non-genetic factors influencing each trait were determined by the generalized linear model based on the first and the repeated (1-7 years old) records of the pile-quality performance of the cashmere goat in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the year, group, age and sex were the non-genetic factors that affected the quality characters of the villi. In addition, six animal models were established by considering the maternal inheritance effect, the maternal permanent environmental effect and the individual additive inheritance and the maternal-plus genetic effect, using the age-of-year performance record of each character and combining the pedigree records. The likelihood ratio test determines that the model 1, which contains only the fixed effect and the additive genetic effect, is the best model for the genetic evaluation of the quality traits of each pile. (2) The results of the genetic parameter estimation of the non-repeated force animal model (1-7 years) and the animal model of repeated force (1-7 years) were compared, and the results of the genetic parameters obtained by using the first and the repeated records were found to be nearly identical. In both cases, the heritability of hair length, capillary, corduroy and fine wool was 0.28 (0.30), 0.27 (0.27), 0.17 (0.18) and 0.34 (0.32). (3) The genetic parameter estimation of the quality characters of the villi in different ages has found that, in addition to the length of the velvet, the other three characters belong to the middle heritability, which indicates that the genetic breeding can accelerate the genetic progress of the quality characters of the pile in the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats. The genetic correlation between the quality characters of the villi was found to be related to the strong negative inheritance of the hair length and the capillary. However, the length of the hair and the fine of the hair were positively related, and the length of the hair was related to the fine of the fine hair. The cashmere quality of the long-haired individual is better. and (4) performing genetic parameter estimation on each pile quality trait of 1 to 5 years by using a multi-trait non-repeated force animal model to reveal the growth rule of each character. The results showed that the phenotypic value and the heritability of the long and long hair were consistent with the age, and the change of the phenotypic value with age could reflect its genetic variation. However, the phenotypic value and the heritability of the capillary and the velvet were not consistent with the age. It is indicated that the influence of different age environment is different. and (5) combining the adjacent ages of the same pile quality traits, grouping, constructing a reasonable animal model, comparing the variance and the covariance structure of each model, and determining the change of the genetic characteristics of the pile quality traits of the cashmere goat in the inner mongolia, and further determining whether the early selection can be realized. The study shows that the genetic characteristics of the long and long hair are three stages: the first, the age of two and the age of two, and the genetic characteristics of the fine capillary and the velvet are two stages: the first and the adult, indicating that the fiber length and the fineness are recorded according to the three-year-old and the two-year-old, respectively, an accurate genetic evaluation can be obtained. (6) By establishing a linear mixed model, the relationship between the yield and other important economic characters (the length of the pile, the fine of the corduroy and the weight of the fleece) was discussed. It was found that there was a difference in the effect of body weight on the amount of wool in different cashmere grades. In any cashmere grade, the pile length has a significant effect on the yield of the wool; in the coarse-pile group, the influence of the fine wool on the amount of the velvet is not significant; in the ultra-fine and coarse-pile group, the effect of the body weight on the yield of the pile is not significant. In other cases, the pile length, the fine of the pile and the body weight of the fleece had a positive effect on the amount of the wool, in addition to a negative correlation between the amount of the velvet and the fine of the velvet.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S827
，
本文編號：2423043
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