發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-23 14:29

【摘要】：到2015年末,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量?jī)H次于美國(guó),2015年全國(guó)居民人均可支配收入達(dá)2.20萬元,按照聯(lián)合國(guó)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分,我國(guó)已符合中等收入國(guó)家行列的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。伴隨經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng),我國(guó)金融業(yè)也取得了突破性的發(fā)展,并逐步與國(guó)際接軌。與此同時(shí),我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民的可支配收入得到增加,特別是財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入漲幅巨大,但是城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距和財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距也不斷擴(kuò)大,城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距的擴(kuò)大也將成為縮小我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的一道難以逾越的鴻溝。收入差距的擴(kuò)大不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展并對(duì)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定起著負(fù)面作用,因而引起了政府部門和社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注。從2007年黨首次提出“創(chuàng)造條件讓更多群眾擁有財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入”主張到2013年“構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)體系,賦予農(nóng)民更多財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利”的提出,這期間一系列的政策導(dǎo)向均體現(xiàn)了黨和政府對(duì)增加居民,特別是農(nóng)村居民,財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入的重視。2014年,我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民人均可支配收入構(gòu)成中的工資性收入為11420.60元,比上年名義增長(zhǎng)了1.101倍;經(jīng)營(yíng)凈收入3732.00元,比上年名義增長(zhǎng)了1.088倍;財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入1587.8元,比上年名義增長(zhǎng)了1.125倍;轉(zhuǎn)移性收入3426.80元,比上年名義增加了近1.126倍。雖然城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入在絕對(duì)值上未領(lǐng)先,但是增長(zhǎng)迅速,其增速超過了工資性收入和經(jīng)營(yíng)性收入,在城鄉(xiāng)居民收入中占據(jù)的位置越來越重要。然而隨著我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入在絕對(duì)值上取得突飛猛進(jìn)的增長(zhǎng),城鎮(zhèn)居民與農(nóng)村居民的財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入之間的差距卻絲毫沒有縮小的趨勢(shì),甚至不斷拉大。我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)居民家庭人均財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入從1993年45.8元到2014年漲到2812.1元,漲幅高達(dá)61.40倍;我國(guó)農(nóng)村居民家庭人均財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入從1993年7.02元到2014年漲到222.1元,漲幅為31.64倍。從1993年到2014年,我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)與農(nóng)村鄉(xiāng)居民的家庭人均財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入雖然得到顯著增加,但是城鄉(xiāng)之間家庭人均財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距懸殊,城鄉(xiāng)之間的家庭人均財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距由38.78元增加到2590元,增長(zhǎng)了近66.79倍。在研究我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民可支配收入差距時(shí)可以發(fā)現(xiàn),在可支配收入的四種來源收入中,城鎮(zhèn)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入與農(nóng)村居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距最大,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于工資性收入的差距,并且從近多年來的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來看,城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距仍然在不斷增加,此外研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入具有典型的區(qū)域性特征,經(jīng)濟(jì)較為發(fā)達(dá)的東部沿海地區(qū)與中、西部地區(qū)相比,居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入水平更高,但是城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距也更高,且對(duì)居民收入差距的貢獻(xiàn)也是最大的。伴隨著“創(chuàng)造條件讓更多群眾擁有財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入”的政策導(dǎo)向的提出,財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入在我國(guó)居民總收入中的地位無疑會(huì)更加重要,縮小財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距在縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的進(jìn)程中的作用無疑會(huì)更加強(qiáng)。由于我國(guó)東中西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融的不平衡發(fā)展,再加上我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距也具有明顯的區(qū)域性,在這種形勢(shì)和背景下,研究分析我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、金融發(fā)展與城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距之間的關(guān)系就具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,這將會(huì)有助于我們從一個(gè)嶄新的視角來探討如何縮小我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距,實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。本文著重研究并分析我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距的問題,考慮到財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、金融發(fā)展有著密不可分的關(guān)系,因此論文在研究財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距時(shí),引入了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、金融發(fā)展以及經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與金融發(fā)展的交叉項(xiàng)這三個(gè)變量。本論文首先整理了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者多年來對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、金融發(fā)展與城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距關(guān)系深度研究的文獻(xiàn),其次分析了我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入的現(xiàn)狀以及城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距分布的區(qū)域性,再進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、金融發(fā)展與財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距理論關(guān)系的分析以及各指標(biāo)的測(cè)量分析,然后建立我國(guó)1997年-2014年城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、金融發(fā)展的面板模型,進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)和分析。由于城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距具有區(qū)域性,本論文分別建立了全國(guó)、東部、中部和西部地區(qū)的面板協(xié)整模型和PVEC模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究分析。首先,檢驗(yàn)面板模型各變量是否都通過面板單位根檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明模型各變量經(jīng)一階差分后均平穩(wěn),面板模型中各變量為I)(1變量;其次,將各變量進(jìn)行面板協(xié)整檢驗(yàn)以及協(xié)整模型的估計(jì)分析,檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示我國(guó)各地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、金融發(fā)展之間均存在著協(xié)整關(guān)系,即存在著長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系,并且我國(guó)各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距具有抑制作用,金融發(fā)展對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距具有擴(kuò)大作用,金融發(fā)展水平的提高會(huì)增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距的抑制作用,雖然各地區(qū)的作用方向是一致的,但是具體作用程度不盡相同;然后,建立面板誤差修正模型(PVEC),模型估計(jì)結(jié)果顯示我國(guó)各地區(qū)的城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、金融發(fā)展水平的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定對(duì)我國(guó)各地區(qū)財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距的短期變化具有抑制作用,但是不同地區(qū)的短期調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)存在差別;再然后,將經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和金融發(fā)展對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距進(jìn)行偏效應(yīng)分析,縱向分析表明,隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和金融發(fā)展水平從低水平向高水平發(fā)展,我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距呈現(xiàn)略有縮小的形態(tài),橫向分析表明,從我國(guó)東部到西部再到中部,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、金融發(fā)展對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距的綜合效應(yīng)所產(chǎn)生的抑制作用呈現(xiàn)逐漸減弱的趨勢(shì);最后,不僅從整體上提出縮小我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距的對(duì)策建議,而且也針對(duì)我國(guó)東部、中部、西部各自的發(fā)展情況,提出縮小我國(guó)東、中、西部地區(qū)之間居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距的對(duì)策建議。
[Abstract]:By the end of 2015, our country's economic total was second to the United States, and the per capita disposable income of the country was 22 thousand yuan in 2015. According to the United Nations standards, our country was in line with the standard of the middle income countries. With the rapid growth of the economy, our financial industry has also made a breakthrough development and gradually joined the international standards. At the same time, I The disposable income of urban and rural residents is increasing, especially the increase of property income, but the gap between urban and rural residents' income gap and property income gap is also expanding, and the widening of the income gap between urban and rural residents will also become a great gap to narrow the gap between urban and rural income in China. The sustainable development of the economy has played a negative role in social stability, which has caused widespread concern in the government departments and all walks of life. From 2007, the party proposed to "create conditions for more people to have property income" for the first time and put forward the proposal of "building a new agricultural management system and giving farmers more property rights" in 2013. A series of policy orientation all reflects the importance of the party and the government to increase the residents, especially the rural residents and property income in.2014 years. The wage income of the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents in China is 11420.60 yuan, 1.101 times higher than the previous year, and the net income is 3732 yuan, 1.088 times higher than that of the previous year. The productive income was 1587.8 yuan, 1.125 times higher than the nominal value of the previous year, and the transfer income was 3426.80 yuan, nearly 1.126 times higher than the nominal value of the previous year. Although the property income of urban and rural residents did not lead in the absolute value, the growth rate was faster than the wage income and operating income, and the position in the income of urban and rural residents was becoming more and more heavy. However, with the rapid growth of the property income of urban and rural residents in our country, the gap between urban residents and the property income of rural residents has not diminishing, even widening. The per capita property income of urban households in China has risen from 45.8 yuan to 2812.1 yuan in 1993, and the increase is higher than that of 2812.1 yuan. The per capita property income of rural households in China has risen to 222.1 yuan from 7.02 yuan in 1993 to 222.1 yuan in 2014. From 1993 to 2014, the per capita property income of urban and rural residents in China has been significantly increased, but the income gap between urban and rural households is very wide, and the family between urban and rural households is very wide, and the family between urban and rural families is different. The property income gap between the tribunals increased from 38.78 yuan to 2590 yuan, and increased by nearly 66.79 times. In the study of the disposable income gap between urban and rural residents in China, it is found that the income gap between urban residents' property and rural residents is the largest in the four sources of disposable income, which is far higher than the wage gap. From the statistical data of recent years, the property income gap between urban and rural residents is still increasing. In addition, it is also found that the property income of urban and rural residents in China has typical regional characteristics. Compared with the middle and western regions, the eastern coastal areas with more developed economies are higher in property income than in the western region, but the urban and rural residents' wealth is higher than that in the western region. The income gap is also higher, and the contribution to the income gap is also the largest. With the policy orientation of "creating conditions for more people to have property income", the status of property income in the total income of Chinese residents will undoubtedly be more important, narrowing the income gap of property and reducing the income gap between urban and rural residents There is no doubt that the role of the process will be strengthened. Due to the unbalanced economic and financial development in the eastern and western regions of China and the regional property income gap between urban and rural residents in China, the economic growth and the gap between the financial development and the property income gap between the urban and rural residents are studied and analyzed in this situation and background. The system has important theoretical and practical significance. This will help us to discuss how to reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents in our country, realize the harmonious development of the society and the stable and sustainable growth of the economy. This paper focuses on the research and analysis of the property income gap between urban and rural residents in China, and takes into account the property nature. There is an inseparable relationship between income and economic growth and financial development. Therefore, in the study of the property income gap, the paper introduces the three variables: economic growth, financial development and the cross term of economic growth and financial development. This paper first collated the domestic and foreign scholars for economic growth, financial development and urban and rural residents' wealth for many years. Secondly, it analyzes the status of the property income of urban and rural residents and the regional distribution of property income gap between urban and rural residents, and then the economic growth, the analysis of the relationship between the financial development and the property income gap and the measurement and analysis of the indexes, and then establish the -20 of China in 1997. 14 years of urban and rural residents' property income gap and economic growth, financial development panel model, empirical test and analysis. Due to the regional property income gap between urban and rural residents, this paper respectively established the national, Eastern, central and western areas of the panel co integration model and the PVEC model for empirical analysis. First, the test surface Whether the variables of the board model are tested by the panel unit root, the results show that the variables of the model are all stable after the first order difference, and the variables in the panel model are I) (1 variables). Secondly, the panel cointegration test and the cointegration model are used to analyze each variable. The results show the property income gap between the urban and rural residents in all regions of our country. There is a co integration relationship between economic growth and financial development, that is, there is a long-term stable relationship, and the economic growth in all regions of China has a restraining effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents, and the financial development has an expansion effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents, and the improvement of gold and financial development will enhance the economic growth to urban and rural areas. The restraining effect of the residents' property income gap, although the direction of each region is consistent, is not the same. Then, the panel error correction model (PVEC) is set up. The model estimation results show that the income difference between urban and rural residents in China and the economic growth, and the long-term stability of the level of financial development to me The short-term changes in the property income gap in various regions have the inhibitory effect, but the short-term adjustment effects in different regions are different. Then, the partial effect of economic growth and financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents is analyzed. The longitudinal analysis shows that with the economic growth and the level of financial development from a low level to higher level in China In the horizontal development, the property income gap between urban and rural residents in China is slightly reduced. The horizontal analysis shows that the economic growth and the economic growth and the comprehensive effect of financial development on the property income gap of urban and rural residents show a gradual weakening trend. The countermeasures and suggestions on the property income gap between urban and rural residents in our country are also proposed, and the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to reduce the property income gap between the East, middle and western regions of China in view of the development of the eastern, central and western regions of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7;F124.1;F832

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