本文選題：綠洲經(jīng)濟(jì) + 生態(tài)景觀　； 參考：《石河子大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展引起生態(tài)功能退化是干旱區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中普遍存在的矛盾,經(jīng)濟(jì)空間擴(kuò)張必然引起生態(tài)空間的形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化,影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能和價(jià)值,最終又限制綠洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展�，敿{斯河流域作為西北干旱區(qū)典型的內(nèi)陸河流域,其生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱且復(fù)雜多變。本文通過分析瑪河流域景觀類型的空間分異和綠洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的空間差異及其二者之間的空間關(guān)系,揭示內(nèi)陸河流域生態(tài)-經(jīng)濟(jì)空間分異規(guī)律。依據(jù)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)和景觀生態(tài)學(xué)理論,利用空間分析、地學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)等研究方法,在ArcGIS、Fragstats、GEODA技術(shù)平臺(tái)上,通過遙感影像解譯、景觀分類、空間疊加、指數(shù)計(jì)算等方法分析景觀動(dòng)態(tài)變化及格局分異過程,得出流域景觀時(shí)空分異特征;用人均GDP、人口規(guī)模等指標(biāo)表征綠洲發(fā)展空間屬性,用插值法實(shí)現(xiàn)其空間特征表達(dá),得到流域綠洲經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展時(shí)空分異規(guī)律,最后通過疊加分析研究綠洲經(jīng)濟(jì)空間擴(kuò)張與流域景觀格局分異的相互關(guān)系,探索經(jīng)濟(jì)空間擴(kuò)張的生態(tài)合理性、經(jīng)濟(jì)有效性及其協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展規(guī)律。研究表明:(1)1994-2014年瑪河流域景觀動(dòng)態(tài)變化總體上呈現(xiàn)以耕地和建設(shè)用地增加、其他地類減少的“二增四減”的趨勢(shì),人工景觀處于“漲勢(shì)”,自然景觀處于“落勢(shì)”,其中耕地成為流域的主導(dǎo)景觀類型,且各景觀類型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換非常頻繁,轉(zhuǎn)移方式復(fù)雜多樣。(2)1994-2014年瑪河流域耕地、建設(shè)用地漸趨成片,連通性優(yōu)勢(shì)度均增加,而綠洲-荒漠過渡帶的景觀更加復(fù)雜多樣且破碎程度加大。在景觀水平上,瑪河流域各斑塊日益鄰近,形狀也越來(lái)越簡(jiǎn)單規(guī)整,破碎化和豐富度降低,優(yōu)勢(shì)景觀日益集中并占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多樣性和穩(wěn)定性都產(chǎn)生了不利影響。(3)1994-2014年瑪河流域景觀的空間分異特征表現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面。景觀密度較大的區(qū)域呈現(xiàn)從沙灣縣中部向下野地灌區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移的分異特征,綠洲-荒漠過渡帶的破碎化程度不斷加大;景觀形狀較為復(fù)雜的區(qū)域平原綠洲區(qū)的中部逐步向下野地灌區(qū)和瑪納斯灌區(qū)擴(kuò)展延伸;景觀多樣性呈現(xiàn)從廣大的綠洲平原區(qū)向山前沖積扇上部、綠洲-荒漠過渡帶轉(zhuǎn)移的空間分異特征。(4)在全局空間差異上,1994-2014年瑪河流域人均GDP的Moran’s I由正變負(fù),而后再由負(fù)變正,在波動(dòng)中增加,說明各縣市及團(tuán)場(chǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)在空間上的分布有所集聚,局部存在分散性。在局部差異上,瑪河流域綠洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的空間分異整體上呈現(xiàn)東強(qiáng)西弱、內(nèi)部差異不大、相對(duì)有序的分布格局。自然條件和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、人口素質(zhì)、政策因素是經(jīng)濟(jì)差異存在的主要原因。(5)瑪河流域經(jīng)濟(jì)“三足鼎立”的空間差異影響著景觀格局的變化,另外人口日益向西北荒漠區(qū)擴(kuò)展,人類需求增加導(dǎo)致部分未利用地被開發(fā),同時(shí)綠洲荒漠化揭示了人口增加對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的消極意義。因此,瑪河流域綠洲經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的差異影響著景觀的分布特征,同時(shí)景觀格局的變化也制約了經(jīng)濟(jì)的平穩(wěn)均衡發(fā)展,在建設(shè)新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶時(shí),一定要遵循生態(tài)規(guī)律,發(fā)展具有綠洲特色的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì),協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、人口增長(zhǎng)與生態(tài)景觀的關(guān)系,在促進(jìn)綠洲經(jīng)濟(jì)健康快速發(fā)展的同時(shí)注重生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能的保護(hù)與修復(fù)。
[Abstract]:The deterioration of ecological function caused by economic development is a common contradiction in the social and economic development of arid areas. The expansion of economic space inevitably causes the form of ecological space, changes in the structure, affects the function and value of the ecosystem, and finally restricts the sustainable development of the oasis economy. The Manasi River basin is the typical inland of the northwest arid area. The ecological environment of the river basin is fragile and complex and changeable. By analyzing the spatial differentiation of the landscape types and the spatial differences of the oasis economy and the spatial relations between the two, this paper reveals the spatial differentiation of the ecological economic space in the inland river basin. Based on the theory of ecological economy and landscape ecology, the spatial analysis and the geoscience statistics are used. Research methods, on the ArcGIS, Fragstats, GEODA technology platform, through remote sensing image interpretation, landscape classification, space superposition, index calculation and other methods to analyze the landscape dynamic change and pattern differentiation process, get the spatial and temporal characteristics of the watershed landscape, using per capita GDP, population scale and other indicators to characterize the spatial attribute of oasis development, and use the interpolation method to achieve its empty space. In the end, the relationship between the spatial expansion of oasis economy and the differentiation of the landscape pattern of the basin was studied by superposition analysis, and the ecological rationality, economic efficiency and the coordinated development law of the economic space expansion were explored. The study showed that: (1) the landscape dynamics of the 1994-2014 years of the Ma River Basin On the whole, the change of cultivated land and construction land is increasing, and the trend of "two increase and four decrease" of other land categories, artificial landscape in "fluctuation", natural landscape in "falling potential", the cultivated land becomes the dominant landscape type in the basin, and the transformation of various landscape types is not frequent, and the transfer mode is complex and diverse. (2) 1994-2014 years Ma In the river field, the construction land is gradually growing into slices, and the connectivity advantage increases, while the landscape of the oasis desert transition zone is more complex and more fragmented. In the landscape level, the patches of the ma he basin are increasingly adjacent, the shape is becoming more and more simple, the fragmentation and richness are reduced, the dominant landscape is increasingly concentrated and dominated. (3) the spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape in the 1994-2014 years of the Ma River Basin are shown in three aspects. The area with larger landscape density presents the differentiation characteristics from the downward field irrigation area in the middle of Shawan County, and the fragmentation degree of the oasis desert transition zone is increasing, and the landscape shape is the shape of the landscape. The more complex regional plain oasis area is gradually extended and extended in the field irrigation area and Manasi irrigation area, and the landscape diversity presents the spatial differentiation characteristics from the vast oasis plain to the upper alluvial fan and the oasis desert transition zone. (4) in the global spatial difference, the Moran 's I per capita in the MMA River Basin in 1994-2014 years. The spatial distribution of the oasis economy in the MMA River Basin shows the weakness of the East strong west, the internal difference, the relatively orderly distribution pattern, the natural condition and foundation. Facilities, industrial structure, population quality and policy factors are the main reasons for the existence of economic differences. (5) the spatial difference of "three feet in the three feet" of the MMA river basin economy affects the change of landscape pattern. In addition, the population is expanding to the northwest desert area, the increase of human demand leads to the development of some unused land, and the oasis desertification reveals the population. Therefore, the differences in the economic development of the oasis in the ma he basin affect the distribution characteristics of the landscape. At the same time, the change of the landscape pattern also restricts the steady and balanced development of the economy. In the construction of the new Silk Road Economic Zone, the ecological law must be followed, the ecological economy with oasis characteristics is developed and the economy is coordinated. Development, the relationship between population growth and ecological landscape, while promoting the healthy and rapid development of oasis economy, at the same time, we should pay attention to the protection and restoration of ecosystem services.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P901
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本文編號(hào)：2030346