本文選題：裝備制造業(yè) + 全球價(jià)值鏈��； 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和全球貿(mào)易逐漸從危機(jī)中復(fù)蘇,但復(fù)蘇進(jìn)程緩慢,國(guó)際市場(chǎng)需求仍然低迷,中國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)面臨著復(fù)雜多變的經(jīng)貿(mào)環(huán)境。不利的方面是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家紛紛實(shí)施"再工業(yè)化"戰(zhàn)略,發(fā)展中國(guó)家積極融入全球價(jià)值鏈生產(chǎn),致使中國(guó)裝備產(chǎn)品出口受到來(lái)自發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的"雙向擠壓",而且隨著我國(guó)人口紅利逐漸喪失,裝備企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)成本增加;有利的方面是隨著國(guó)內(nèi)支持政策和"一帶一路"戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)需求逐漸釋放,"一帶一路"沿線國(guó)家市場(chǎng)需求潛力巨大,這為中國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)發(fā)展帶來(lái)新的機(jī)遇。從全球價(jià)值鏈視角看,歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家掌握著裝備制造業(yè)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)并利用其技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)其他國(guó)家的技術(shù)壟斷和控制,在裝備制造業(yè)國(guó)際分工中處于全球價(jià)值鏈高端。我國(guó)從組裝加工起步嵌入到全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈體系并逐漸向價(jià)值鏈高端攀升,但當(dāng)前的中國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)亟需實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),還存在核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不足、世界級(jí)裝備制造企業(yè)缺乏、圍繞大型骨干企業(yè)的中小企業(yè)集群未形成、研發(fā)利用率不高等問(wèn)題,這種狀態(tài)既影響著企業(yè)的貿(mào)易收益水平,又在人口紅利逐漸消失的背景下使得我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)出口面臨許多不確定性。如何進(jìn)一步提升我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)技術(shù)水平,增強(qiáng)裝備產(chǎn)品核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,向全球價(jià)值鏈更高層級(jí)攀升,既是企業(yè)亟需解決的問(wèn)題也是政府應(yīng)當(dāng)高度重視的問(wèn)題。本文研究如何有效度量我國(guó)裝備產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)水平,準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)在全球價(jià)值鏈的位置,尋找提升中國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)全球價(jià)值鏈地位的因素。這些問(wèn)題對(duì)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)出口規(guī)模,提高出口品質(zhì)量,提升我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)全球價(jià)值鏈地位,分享更多價(jià)值鏈?zhǔn)找嬗兄匾饬x。要實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)價(jià)值鏈地位的提升,首要問(wèn)題是對(duì)我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)在全球價(jià)值鏈地位及其變化趨勢(shì)和影響因素有較為準(zhǔn)確的認(rèn)識(shí)和判斷。因此,本文的主要內(nèi)容如下:第一、二章分別為緒論和理論基礎(chǔ)。第三章選擇出口復(fù)雜度作為全球價(jià)值鏈地位的度量指標(biāo),在描述我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及貿(mào)易特征的基礎(chǔ)上,利用聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供的《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國(guó)際貿(mào)易分類》SITC(rev3.0)三位碼貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù),測(cè)算2001-2014年我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)七個(gè)子行業(yè)的出口復(fù)雜度并與同期美國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本裝備制造業(yè)出口復(fù)雜度進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)子行業(yè)的出口復(fù)雜度整體呈上升趨勢(shì),說(shuō)明我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)取得一定成效。從具體行業(yè)來(lái)看,通信設(shè)備、計(jì)算機(jī)及其他電子設(shè)備制造業(yè)、儀器儀表及文化、辦公用機(jī)械制造業(yè)的出口復(fù)雜度水平提升很快,與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家基本處于同一水平;通用設(shè)備制造業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸設(shè)備制造業(yè)、電氣機(jī)械及器材制造業(yè)的出口復(fù)雜度不斷提高,與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的差距不斷縮小;金屬制品業(yè)的出口復(fù)雜度雖然不斷提高,但仍落后于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,與他們之間的差距隨著時(shí)間的推移不斷增大;專用設(shè)備制造業(yè)的出口復(fù)雜度波動(dòng)變化,該行業(yè)2014年的出口復(fù)雜度水平較2001年有所下降,與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之間的差距越來(lái)越大。第四章從"成本發(fā)現(xiàn)"模型出發(fā),參考經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論以及國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究成果,定性分析要素稟賦(物質(zhì)資本密集度)、技術(shù)(人力資本和研發(fā)資金投入)、外商直接投資、制度(政府支持程度)、進(jìn)口對(duì)全球價(jià)值鏈地位的影響機(jī)制。利用2001-2014年我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)分行業(yè)數(shù)據(jù),實(shí)證分析這些因素的影響力度,回歸結(jié)果顯示:物質(zhì)資本密集度、人力資本、研發(fā)資金投入、進(jìn)口對(duì)我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)價(jià)值鏈地位有顯著正向影響,外商直接投資的作用為負(fù),政府支持程度的作用不顯著。第五章根據(jù)本文研究結(jié)果提出相關(guān)建議:學(xué)習(xí)德國(guó)雙軌制教育,培養(yǎng)人力資本;增加對(duì)私營(yíng)企業(yè)的研發(fā)資金支持,提高企業(yè)的研發(fā)效率;借助"一帶一路",鼓勵(lì)私營(yíng)企業(yè)出口;加強(qiáng)與外資企業(yè)的聯(lián)系,發(fā)揮FDI的積極效應(yīng)。本文可能的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于:現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)的研究對(duì)象主要集中在制造業(yè)、高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)以及金屬制品業(yè),本文專注研究裝備制造業(yè)。裝備制造業(yè)是為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各行業(yè)提供技術(shù)裝備的戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè),它是制造業(yè)的核心組成部分,對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)有重要推動(dòng)作用。出口復(fù)雜度為研究一國(guó)或行業(yè)價(jià)值鏈地位提供了一個(gè)全新的分析方法,得到國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注,但現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)對(duì)影響機(jī)制的定性分析還相對(duì)較少,本文立足于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論以及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究成果,定性分析主要因素對(duì)我國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)價(jià)值鏈地位的影響機(jī)制并進(jìn)行回歸分析,豐富對(duì)出口復(fù)雜度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)研究。因此,本文是對(duì)中國(guó)內(nèi)部產(chǎn)業(yè)層面價(jià)值鏈地位的研究做補(bǔ)充,拓寬此領(lǐng)域的研究范圍,同時(shí)為提升中國(guó)裝備制造業(yè)價(jià)值鏈地位提出針對(duì)性建議。本文的不足之處在于:鑒于使用SITC五位碼貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算量太大,本文使用SIT(三位碼貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)。此外,本文的實(shí)證研究由于行業(yè)截面偏小導(dǎo)致整體數(shù)據(jù)不充足,同時(shí)某些影響因素的數(shù)據(jù)不可獲得,實(shí)證研究可能會(huì)遺漏這些變量。
[Abstract]:At present, the world economy and Global trade are gradually recovering from the crisis, but the process of recovery is slow, the demand for international markets is still low, the equipment manufacturing industry in China is facing a complex and changeable economic and trade environment. Preparation of exports from developed and developing countries' two-way squeeze, but with China's demographic dividend gradually lost, equipment production and operation costs increase; the advantageous aspect is with the implementation of domestic support policy and "The Belt and Road" strategy, the domestic market demand is gradually released, "The Belt and Road along the country market demand The great potential has brought new opportunities for the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry. From the perspective of global value chain, developed countries such as Europe and America have mastered advanced technology of equipment manufacturing industry and use their technical advantages to realize technical monopoly and control of other countries, and are at the high end of global value chain in the international division of equipment manufacturing industry. The process of processing is embedded into the global industrial chain system and is gradually rising to the high end of the value chain. However, the current China equipment manufacturing industry needs to realize the upgrading of the industrial transformation, the lack of core competitiveness, the lack of world-class equipment manufacturing enterprises, the small and medium-sized enterprise cluster around large backbone enterprises, and the low R & D utilization rate. The state not only affects the level of the trade income of the enterprise, but also makes the export of the equipment manufacturing industry in our country face many uncertainties under the background of the gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend. How to further improve the technical level of the equipment manufacturing industry in China, enhance the core competitiveness of the equipment products and higher level of the global value chain, is an urgent need for enterprises to solve. The problem is also a problem that the government should attach great importance to. This paper studies how to effectively measure the technical level of the equipment products in China, accurately understand the position of the equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain in China, and find the factors to improve the status of the global value chain of the equipment manufacturing industry in China. These problems will further expand the scale of the export of our equipment manufacturing industry. It is of great significance to improve the quality of export goods, enhance the status of the global value chain of our equipment manufacturing industry and share more value chain benefits. To achieve the promotion of the value chain status of the equipment manufacturing industry in China, the first question is to have a more accurate understanding and judgement on the position of the equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain and its trend of change and influence factors in our equipment manufacturing industry. Therefore, the main contents of this paper are as follows: the first, second chapter is the introduction and the theoretical basis. The third chapter selects the export complexity as a measure of the status of the global value chain. On the basis of describing the development status and trade characteristics of the equipment manufacturing industry in China, the standard International Trade Classification >SITC (R) is provided by the United Nations Trade Statistics database. Ev3.0) three bit code trade data, calculate the export complexity of the seven sub industries in the equipment manufacturing industry of China for 2001-2014 years and compare with the export complexity of the United States, Germany and Japan equipment manufacturing industry in the same period. The research shows that the export complexity of the equipment manufacturing industry in China is on the rise, indicating the transformation of the equipment manufacturing industry in China. From the specific industry, the export complexity of communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing, instruments and culture, and the export complexity of the office machinery manufacturing industry has been improved rapidly, basically at the same level as the developed countries; general equipment manufacturing, transportation equipment manufacturing, electrical machinery and equipment system The export complexity of the manufacturing industry is increasing and the gap between the developed countries and the developed countries is narrowing. Although the export complexity of the metalwork industry continues to increase, the gap between the developed countries is still lagging behind the developed countries. The gap between them is increasing with time; the export complexity of the special equipment manufacturing industry is fluctuating, and the export complexity of the industry in 2014 is more complex. Compared with the developed countries, the gap between the 2001 and the developed countries is becoming more and more large. The fourth chapter, from the "cost discovery" model, refers to the economic theory and the domestic and foreign scholars' research results, and qualitative analysis of factor endowment (material capital density), technology (Human capital and R & D capital input), foreign direct investment, system (government support process) The impact mechanism of import on the status of global value chain. Using the data of China's equipment manufacturing industry for 2001-2014 years, the impact strength of these factors is analyzed. The regression results show that material capital intensity, human capital, R & D capital input, and import have significant positive impact on the position of the value chain of China's manufacturing industry. The role of investment is negative, and the role of government support is not significant. The fifth chapter puts forward relevant suggestions according to the results of this study: learning German double track education, cultivating human capital, increasing the support for research and development funds for private enterprises, improving the efficiency of R & D of enterprises, encouraging the export of private enterprises with the help of "one way and one way", and strengthening the foreign-funded enterprises. The possible innovation points of this article are: the research objects of the existing literature are mainly concentrated in the manufacturing industry, the high-tech industry and the metal products industry. This article focuses on the research of the equipment manufacturing industry. The equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic industry for providing technical equipment for all sectors of the national economy. It is the core component of the manufacturing industry. It has an important role in promoting the growth of national economy. Export complexity provides a new analytical method for the study of the status of a country or industry value chain, which is widely concerned by scholars both at home and abroad. However, the qualitative analysis of the impact mechanism of the existing literature is relatively small. The influence mechanism of the main factors on the value chain status of the equipment manufacturing industry in China is analyzed and the empirical study of the export complexity is enriched. Therefore, this article is a supplement to the research on the status of the value chain in China's internal industrial level, widening the scope of the research in this field, and raising the position of the value chain of the equipment manufacturing industry in China. The disadvantage of this paper is that in view of the large amount of SITC five bit code trade data, this paper uses the SIT (three bit code trade data). In addition, the empirical research in this paper is not sufficient for the overall data due to the small section of the industry, and the data of some influencing factors are not available, and the empirical study may omit this. Some variables.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F426

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