【摘要】：我國是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)人口大國。有研究顯示65%的城鎮(zhèn)化率符合我國國情,2014年我國城鎮(zhèn)化率達(dá)到54.77%,但仍有45.23%的國民長期生產(chǎn)、生活在鄉(xiāng)村,可見鄉(xiāng)村在我國的地位至關(guān)重要。隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加快,鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)面臨著一場史無前例的巨大變革。在2006年,中共十六屆六中全會(huì)出臺《關(guān)于構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)若干重大問題的決定》,首次從國家層面提出建設(shè)鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)的任務(wù),并提出逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化的目標(biāo),重點(diǎn)完善社區(qū)管理和服務(wù)體系。2010年國家“十二五”規(guī)劃綱要指出要“加強(qiáng)社會(huì)建設(shè),建立健全基本公共服務(wù)體系,加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和公共服務(wù)建設(shè)”。2014年國家層面的城鎮(zhèn)化規(guī)劃出臺,表明鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)的建設(shè)受到國家的重視,其建設(shè)已經(jīng)成為國家統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展、實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)一體化建設(shè)的有效途徑之一。隨著鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)居民的生活方式和消費(fèi)觀念逐漸向現(xiàn)代化方向轉(zhuǎn)型。長期以來我國傳統(tǒng)的公共服務(wù)設(shè)施配建重點(diǎn)地區(qū)是城市,致使當(dāng)前廣大鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)公共服務(wù)設(shè)施的配建直接套用城市標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即按照“鎮(zhèn)區(qū)——中心村——自然村”的等級序列和公共服務(wù)“人均指標(biāo)”進(jìn)行配建。此方法忽略了鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)和城市社區(qū)各自的特征,即鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)之間分布松散,公共服務(wù)的共享率明顯低于城市社區(qū),鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)的公共服務(wù)設(shè)施使用具有明顯的“唯一性”。如此,城鎮(zhèn)與基層村落公共服務(wù)體系出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重脫節(jié),鎮(zhèn)區(qū)部分公共服務(wù)設(shè)施使用效率偏低、資源閑置,而基層村落公共服務(wù)設(shè)施供給不足或相對過剩的現(xiàn)象。總之,隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,我國鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)當(dāng)前的公共服務(wù)供給機(jī)制、配建方法和理念已經(jīng)難以滿足廣大鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)居民日益增長的公共服務(wù)需求。鑒于此,本文以陜西涇陽縣鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)居民對基本公共服務(wù)的實(shí)際需求和偏好為研究主體,引入地理學(xué)“生活圈”理念,結(jié)合城鎮(zhèn)化過程中鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)居民點(diǎn)體系演變,構(gòu)建以鄉(xiāng)村松散“大社區(qū)”為其過渡形態(tài)的居民點(diǎn)體系,并在鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)已有的交通廊道(鄉(xiāng)道、縣道)和規(guī)劃中道路交通體系的基礎(chǔ)上,分別在基本公共服務(wù)設(shè)施空間配置和設(shè)施配置建議指標(biāo)兩個(gè)層面進(jìn)行研究。以期在鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)持續(xù)城鎮(zhèn)化的過程中,滿足鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)居民在不同社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展階段下對基本公共服務(wù)的需求,做到遠(yuǎn)近兼顧,實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)基本公共服務(wù)的最優(yōu)化配置和高效使用。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural population. Some studies show that 65% of the urbanization rate is in line with the situation of our country. In 2014, the urbanization rate of our country reached 54.77%, but there are still 45.23% of the national long-term production, living in the countryside, so the status of the countryside in our country is very important. With the acceleration of urbanization in China, rural communities are facing an unprecedented transformation. In 2006, the sixth Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee issued the decision on several important issues of Building a harmonious Society, putting forward for the first time the task of building rural communities at the national level and the goal of gradually achieving equalization of basic public services. Emphasis is placed on improving community management and service systems. The outline of the National 12th Five-Year Plan for 2010 states that it is necessary to "strengthen social construction and establish and improve the basic public service system," Strengthening rural infrastructure construction and public service construction ". The introduction of the urbanization plan at the national level in 2014 shows that the construction of rural society has been attached great importance to by the state, and its construction has become the country's overall planning for urban and rural development. One of the effective ways to realize the integration of urban and rural areas. With the development of social economy in rural areas, the way of life and consumption concept of rural community residents are gradually transformed to modernization. For a long time, the focus area of traditional public service facilities in China is the city, which leads to the direct application of urban standards to the construction of public service facilities in rural communities. That is, according to the "township-central village-natural village" grade sequence and public service "per capita index" to build. This method ignores the characteristics of rural communities and urban communities, that is, the distribution of rural communities is loose, the sharing rate of public services is obviously lower than that of urban communities, and the use of public service facilities in rural communities has obvious "uniqueness". Thus, there is a serious disconnection between the public service system of towns and grass-roots villages, the use efficiency of some public service facilities in towns is on the low side, the resources are idle, and the supply of public service facilities in grass-roots villages is insufficient or relatively surplus. In a word, with the development of social economy, it is difficult to meet the increasing public service demand of the residents of rural communities by the current public service supply mechanism, construction methods and concepts of rural communities in our country. In view of this, this paper takes the actual needs and preferences of rural community residents in Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province, as the main body of study, introduces the concept of "life circle" of geography, and combines with the evolution of rural community residential system in the process of urbanization. Based on the existing traffic corridors (rural roads, county roads) and the planned road traffic system in rural communities, a residential system with the transition form of loose "big communities" in rural areas is constructed. The spatial allocation of basic public service facilities and the proposed indicators of facilities allocation are studied respectively. In order to meet the needs of rural community residents for basic public services in different stages of social and economic development in the process of sustainable urbanization of rural communities, To achieve the optimal allocation and efficient use of basic public services in rural communities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU982.29

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