本文選題：養(yǎng)老設(shè)施 + 區(qū)位配置模型　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,老年人口日益增多,老齡化趨向逐漸加速,老齡化成為我國在21世紀(jì)面對的主要矛盾之一。隨著老齡化趨勢逐漸加快,家庭照料資源日益減少,養(yǎng)老需求日益增加,養(yǎng)老設(shè)施的作用突顯,養(yǎng)老服務(wù)建設(shè)受到社會(huì)各界的高度關(guān)注。武漢市1993年步入老齡化社會(huì),近二十年,老年人口增長快速,一方面,為老齡人口服務(wù)的各類設(shè)施配套不足的問題日益凸顯,加劇了原本嚴(yán)峻的養(yǎng)老形勢；另一方面,各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街道的養(yǎng)老設(shè)施資源分配不均,導(dǎo)致鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街道養(yǎng)老設(shè)施空間可達(dá)性不均等化。鑒于此,文章從養(yǎng)老設(shè)施可達(dá)性角度出發(fā),以資源配置的效率與公平為目標(biāo),將區(qū)位配置模型與二次規(guī)劃方法相結(jié)合,對武漢市養(yǎng)老設(shè)施進(jìn)行空間配置和優(yōu)化。主要研究內(nèi)容包括：養(yǎng)老設(shè)施空間布局現(xiàn)狀分析；養(yǎng)老設(shè)施空間可達(dá)性測算；養(yǎng)老設(shè)施空間布局優(yōu)化分析。文章以提出問題——分析問題——解決問題——總結(jié)提升的邏輯循序漸進(jìn)。文章依據(jù)人口老齡化迅速發(fā)展的背景,提出已有的養(yǎng)老設(shè)施具有分布不平衡等問題；以公共設(shè)施相關(guān)理論研究為基礎(chǔ),分析養(yǎng)老設(shè)施空間布局現(xiàn)狀,并通過設(shè)施可達(dá)性的測算直觀展現(xiàn)出來；然后從地理學(xué)的區(qū)位視角著手,綜合考慮資源的效率與公平,探求養(yǎng)老服務(wù)設(shè)施空間配置與布局的方法,優(yōu)化養(yǎng)老設(shè)施空間布局,并提出養(yǎng)老服務(wù)設(shè)施優(yōu)化布局的建議和對策,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)設(shè)施空間布局的均衡與合理；最后對文章的結(jié)論與不足進(jìn)行綜合整理,并對以后的研究給予展望。研究結(jié)果表明：武漢市可達(dá)性分布不均,各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街道之間存在較大差距；可達(dá)性東南地區(qū)最大,從市中心及東南地區(qū)向四周逐漸減��；在經(jīng)過區(qū)位配置和二次規(guī)劃之后,距市中心較遠(yuǎn)距離的養(yǎng)老設(shè)施的床位數(shù)明顯增加。從整體空間布局來看,二環(huán)線以內(nèi),即武漢市舊城區(qū)的養(yǎng)老設(shè)施以減小為主；而養(yǎng)老設(shè)施床位數(shù)增加的主要分布在武漢市二環(huán)線以外；鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街道的可達(dá)性不均等化減小,可達(dá)性得分的離散程度、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差明顯減小,可達(dá)性均等化顯著提高。文章將區(qū)位配置模型與二次規(guī)劃方法相聯(lián)系,將線性規(guī)劃與非線性規(guī)劃相結(jié)合,通過武漢市養(yǎng)老設(shè)施空間優(yōu)化布局對設(shè)施優(yōu)化配置方法的有效性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,豐富了設(shè)施空間布局研究的新視角、新思路和新手段。文章直觀展現(xiàn)出武漢市各地區(qū)之間養(yǎng)老設(shè)施空間可達(dá)性的不同,有效判別武漢市各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街道養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的稀缺狀況,重新規(guī)劃調(diào)整養(yǎng)老設(shè)施床位數(shù)量,最大限度減小可達(dá)性不均等化,為養(yǎng)老設(shè)施空間配置、優(yōu)化布局提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和政策性建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the aging population is increasing day by day, and the aging trend is accelerating gradually. The aging has become one of the main contradictions in the 21st century. With the gradual acceleration of the aging trend, the family care resources are decreasing day by day, the demand for the aged is increasing day by day, the function of the old-age facilities is prominent, and the construction of the old-age service has been highly concerned by all walks of life. Wuhan stepped into an aging society in 1993. In the past two decades, the elderly population has grown rapidly. On the one hand, the problem of inadequate facilities for the elderly has become increasingly prominent, which has aggravated the grim situation of the aged; on the other hand, The uneven distribution of endowment facilities in township streets leads to unequal spatial accessibility of pension facilities in township streets. In view of this, this paper aims at the efficiency and fairness of resource allocation from the point of view of accessibility of old-age facilities, and combines the location allocation model with the secondary planning method to optimize the spatial allocation and optimization of the facilities for the aged in Wuhan. The main research contents include: the analysis of the present situation of the spatial layout of the old-age facilities; the calculation of the spatial accessibility of the old-age facilities; the optimization analysis of the spatial layout of the old-age facilities. In this paper, the logic of raising a question-analyzing a problem-solving a problem-summarizing the promotion is presented step by step. Based on the background of the rapid development of aging population, the paper points out that the existing pension facilities have unbalanced distribution, and analyzes the present situation of the spatial distribution of pension facilities on the basis of the relevant theoretical research on public facilities. And then from the geographical location perspective, considering the efficiency and fairness of resources, explore the method of spatial allocation and layout of old-age service facilities, optimize the spatial layout of old-age facilities, and then from the geographical perspective of location, comprehensive consideration of the efficiency and fairness of the resources, explore the method of spatial allocation and layout of old-age service facilities. It also puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to optimize the layout of old-age service facilities, so as to realize the balance and rationality of the spatial layout of old-age service facilities. Finally, the conclusions and shortcomings of the article are comprehensively sorted out, and the future research is prospected. The results show that: the distribution of accessibility in Wuhan is uneven, and there is a big gap between the streets of villages and towns; the southeast of accessibility is the largest, gradually decreasing from the city center and the southeast to the surrounding areas; after the location allocation and secondary planning, The number of beds in old-age facilities far away from the city center has increased significantly. From the overall spatial layout, within the second ring line, that is, the old-age facilities in the old urban areas of Wuhan are mainly reduced, while the increase in the number of pension facilities is mainly distributed outside the second ring line of Wuhan, and the unequal accessibility of township streets is reduced. The degree of dispersion and the standard deviation of the reachability score are obviously reduced and the reachability equalization is improved significantly. In this paper, the location allocation model is combined with the quadratic programming method, and the linear programming and nonlinear programming are combined to verify the effectiveness of the optimal allocation of facilities through the spatial optimization of facilities in Wuhan. It enriches the new visual angle, new thought and new means of the research of facility spatial layout. The article directly shows the difference of the spatial accessibility of the old-age facilities among different areas in Wuhan, effectively discriminates the scarcity of the old-age care institutions in the towns and villages of Wuhan, and replans and adjusts the number of the bedspace for the old-age facilities. It can minimize the unequal accessibility and provide scientific basis and policy advice for the spatial allocation of pension facilities and the optimization of the layout.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TU246.2;TU984.14

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