本文關(guān)鍵詞： 建筑能耗模擬 建筑生命周期評(píng)價(jià) 可用性驗(yàn)證 住宅建筑 生態(tài)化設(shè)計(jì)　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：建筑能耗及環(huán)境影響已成為我國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一大阻礙。將建筑能耗模擬技術(shù)與建筑生命周期評(píng)價(jià)(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)方法相結(jié)合能夠從生命周期的角度對(duì)建筑的能耗及環(huán)境影響進(jìn)行定量化評(píng)估。本文引入法國(guó)建筑物熱模擬工具COMFIE及建筑物L(fēng)CA工具EQUER,以武漢地區(qū)某高層住宅建筑為研究案例,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證COMFIE在武漢氣候特征下的可用性,同時(shí)運(yùn)用能耗模擬及LCA思想分析其環(huán)境負(fù)荷特點(diǎn),并更進(jìn)一步地研究武漢高層住宅建筑的生態(tài)化設(shè)計(jì)。本文首先對(duì)建筑傳熱理論及LCA理論進(jìn)行了研究。分析了建筑物中的傳熱途徑及能量平衡,總結(jié)了建筑LCA的基本技術(shù)框架,定義了適合于本研究的LCA目的及范圍,并利用12個(gè)環(huán)境指標(biāo)來(lái)綜合全面地評(píng)價(jià)建筑物生命周期中的環(huán)境影響。其次,對(duì)研究案例進(jìn)行了熱模擬及實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)研究案例中熱域的劃分及附近遮陽(yáng)均會(huì)對(duì)建筑物熱性能產(chǎn)生極大影響。模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)匹配程度較好,證明建筑物熱模擬軟件COMFIE在武漢氣候下有著良好的可用性。再次,對(duì)研究案例進(jìn)行了生命周期評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果顯示研究案例在80年的壽命內(nèi)會(huì)釋放76千噸左右的CO2eq,并消耗約合2億7千萬(wàn)kWh的能源,平均每年約耗330萬(wàn)kWh能源。生命周期四個(gè)階段的總環(huán)境負(fù)荷大小為:使用建造維護(hù)拆除。針對(duì)研究案例LCA結(jié)果特點(diǎn),分析了節(jié)能減排的能力及潛力,發(fā)現(xiàn)本利用地源熱泵進(jìn)行采暖空調(diào)的研究案例具有良好的節(jié)能減排能力,保溫技術(shù)在武漢氣候下是行之有效的;然而光伏建筑一體化技術(shù)并不適合屋頂面積較小的高層住宅建筑。最后,基于能耗模擬及生命周期評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)武漢高層住宅建筑物進(jìn)行了生態(tài)化設(shè)計(jì)研究。從減少建筑能耗負(fù)荷的角度出發(fā),分析了保溫層及自然通風(fēng)對(duì)能耗的影響;并比較了五種供熱方法對(duì)高層住宅建筑的環(huán)境負(fù)荷的影響。結(jié)果表明保溫層厚度存在最優(yōu)值,一般而言自然通風(fēng)越小熱負(fù)荷越小,集中式供熱方式可有效減小建筑的環(huán)境負(fù)荷。本文研究方法及成果可為武漢地區(qū)高層住宅建筑的生態(tài)化設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。
[Abstract]:Building energy consumption and environmental impact have become a big obstacle to the sustainable development of our country. The simulation technology of building energy consumption and the evaluation of building life Cycle Assessment are discussed. LCA). Methods the energy consumption and environmental impact of buildings can be quantitatively evaluated from the point of view of life cycle. In this paper, the French building thermal simulation tool COMFIE and the building LCA tool EQUER are introduced. Taking a high-rise residential building in Wuhan area as a case study, the availability of COMFIE under the climatic characteristics of Wuhan is verified through experiments. Meanwhile, energy consumption simulation and LCA are used to analyze the characteristics of environmental load. Furthermore, the ecological design of Wuhan high-rise residential building is studied. Firstly, the heat transfer theory and LCA theory are studied in this paper, and the heat transfer path and energy balance in the building are analyzed. This paper summarizes the basic technical framework of architectural LCA, defines the purpose and scope of LCA suitable for this study, and uses 12 environmental indicators to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact in the building life cycle. The thermal simulation and experimental verification of the study case are carried out. The results show that the division of the thermal domain and the nearby sunshade will greatly affect the thermal performance of the building. The simulation results match well with the experimental data. It is proved that the building thermal simulation software COMFIE has good usability in Wuhan climate. A life cycle evaluation of the study case shows that the study case releases about 76,000 tons of CO2eq over a life span of 80 years and consumes about 270 million kWh of energy. The average annual energy consumption is about 3.3 million kWh. The total environmental load of the four stages of the life cycle is as follows: the use of construction and maintenance demolition. According to the characteristics of the LCA results of the case study. After analyzing the capacity and potential of energy saving and emission reduction, it is found that the research case of using ground source heat pump for heating and air conditioning has a good ability of energy saving and emission reduction, and the insulation technology is effective in Wuhan climate. However, photovoltaic building integration technology is not suitable for high-rise residential buildings with small roof area. Finally. Based on energy consumption simulation and life cycle evaluation, the ecological design of high-rise residential buildings in Wuhan is studied. The influence of insulation layer and natural ventilation on energy consumption is analyzed from the point of view of reducing building energy consumption load. The effects of five heating methods on the environmental load of high-rise residential buildings are compared. The results show that the thickness of insulation layer has an optimum value, and generally speaking, the smaller the natural ventilation, the smaller the heat load. Centralized heating can effectively reduce the environmental load of buildings. The research method and results of this paper can provide reference for the ecological design of high-rise residential buildings in Wuhan area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU241.8;TU111.195

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