【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,電力企業(yè)投資速度也不斷加快,配電工程投資占電力企業(yè)固定資產(chǎn)投資的比重越來(lái)越大,投資決策的成敗直接關(guān)系到電力企業(yè)資金的有效使用效率,影響企業(yè)的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。目前,我國(guó)配電工程在投資決策階段偏重于一次性投入成本費(fèi)用,對(duì)設(shè)備投產(chǎn)運(yùn)行后的費(fèi)用估計(jì)不足,嚴(yán)重影響投資決策的準(zhǔn)確性。配電工程投資費(fèi)用應(yīng)該涵蓋從配電設(shè)備規(guī)劃、購(gòu)置、使用直至報(bào)廢整個(gè)全壽命周期內(nèi)所涉及的所有投入。 本文將全壽命周期成本理論應(yīng)用于配電工程投資決策的研究,以期實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)配電工程科學(xué)、合理、客觀的全面評(píng)價(jià)。 第一,分析了配電工程投資決策的特點(diǎn),’對(duì)配電工程的傳統(tǒng)決策方法進(jìn)行了梳理,并對(duì)投資回收期法、費(fèi)用比較法、投資收益率法進(jìn)行了歸納。總結(jié)了中國(guó)配電工程投資決策中存在的問(wèn)題并分析了其產(chǎn)生的原因。 第二,針對(duì)我國(guó)目前配電工程在投資決策階段存在的問(wèn)題,分析了在配電工程投資決策活動(dòng)中引入全壽命周期成本(LCC)理論的必要性,找到配電工程決策理論問(wèn)題的解決方法。利用LCC理論對(duì)配電工程的全壽命周期成本進(jìn)行分析和歸納,將周期理論的方法重點(diǎn)應(yīng)用到?jīng)Q策的候選方案的篩選以及對(duì)比的方面,分析不同階段的費(fèi)用成本,建立了配電工程的LCC投資決策模型,并對(duì)其敏感因素進(jìn)行分析。根據(jù)對(duì)配電工程投資決策的研究,總結(jié)出基于全壽命周期的配電工程方案決策步驟。 第三,以實(shí)際中某10kV配電工程為例,利用本文提出配電工程的LCC投資決策模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：LCC投資決策模型在變壓器改造選型中可為各個(gè)供電公司節(jié)約大量投資。通過(guò)敏感性分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：LCC對(duì)每年的運(yùn)行維護(hù)費(fèi)用以及每年故障費(fèi)用反映較為靈敏。此外,無(wú)論從LCC的比例分析還是靈敏度分析中都可以看出,運(yùn)行成本對(duì)算例LCC具有極大的影響。通過(guò)與傳統(tǒng)的成本計(jì)算方法對(duì)比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)：基于LCC投資決策分析方法進(jìn)行配電工程設(shè)備改造選型時(shí),為實(shí)現(xiàn)全壽命周期成本最低、設(shè)備利用價(jià)值最高,應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮技術(shù)成熟、節(jié)能、功耗低、維護(hù)檢修方便的型號(hào)設(shè)備。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in our country, the investment speed of electric power enterprises is also speeding up, and the investment of distribution engineering is more and more important in the fixed assets investment of electric power enterprises. The success or failure of investment decision is directly related to the efficiency of the effective use of the funds of electric power enterprises. Affect the market competitiveness of enterprises. At present, the distribution project in our country pays more attention to the one-time input cost in the investment decision-making stage, and the estimate of the cost after the equipment is put into operation is insufficient, which seriously affects the accuracy of the investment decision. Distribution engineering investment costs should cover all inputs involved throughout the entire life cycle from distribution equipment planning, acquisition, use to end-of-life. In this paper, the life-cycle cost theory is applied to the study of investment decision of distribution engineering, in order to realize the scientific, reasonable and objective comprehensive evaluation of distribution engineering. Firstly, the characteristics of investment decision of distribution engineering are analyzed. The traditional decision-making methods of distribution engineering are combed out, and the methods of investment payback period, cost comparison and investment return rate are summarized. This paper summarizes the problems existing in the investment decision of distribution engineering in China and analyzes the causes. Secondly, in view of the problems existing in the investment decision stage of distribution engineering in China, the necessity of introducing the (LCC) theory of life-cycle cost into the investment decision making activities of distribution engineering is analyzed. To find out the solution of the distribution engineering decision theory problem. LCC theory is used to analyze and sum up the whole life cycle cost of distribution engineering. The method of cycle theory is applied to the selection and comparison of the candidate scheme of decision making, and the cost of different stages is analyzed. The LCC investment decision model of distribution engineering is established and its sensitive factors are analyzed. Based on the research on investment decision of distribution engineering, the decision-making steps of distribution engineering scheme based on whole life cycle are summarized. Thirdly, taking a 10kV distribution project as an example, using the LCC investment decision model of distribution engineering, it is found that the LCC investment decision model can save a lot of investment for each power supply company. Through sensitivity analysis, it is found that LCC is more sensitive to the annual operation and maintenance cost and the annual failure cost. In addition, it can be seen from the scale analysis and sensitivity analysis of LCC that the operation cost has a great influence on the LCC. By comparing with the traditional cost calculation method, it is found that in order to realize the lowest cost of the whole life cycle and the highest utilization value of the equipment, the mature technology should be given priority when the investment decision analysis method based on LCC is used for the transformation and selection of the distribution engineering equipment. Energy saving, low power consumption, easy maintenance and repair of type equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM73;F426.61

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