【摘要】：改革開放30多年來，社會經濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展，人民生活水平的不斷提高，第三產業(yè)在國民經濟發(fā)展進程中所扮演的角色越來越重要，第三產業(yè)占整個國民經濟的比重已經達到了43.4%，但是高速的經濟增長并沒有緩解就業(yè)的壓力，困擾我們的就業(yè)問題依然存在。從國內日益嚴峻的就業(yè)市場來看，第一產業(yè)就業(yè)人數早已達到極限，第二產業(yè)的就業(yè)吸納能力也趨于飽和，甚至國內一些發(fā)達地區(qū)已經出現了第二產業(yè)排斥勞動力的現象，從三大產業(yè)吸納勞動力的角度來看，第三產業(yè)是具有潛力解決就業(yè)問題的產業(yè)，但是我國第三產業(yè)只是處于起步階段，相比世界發(fā)達國家的第三產業(yè)而言，國內第三產業(yè)并沒有發(fā)揮出就業(yè)吸納較強的特點。我國擁有13億人口，就業(yè)問題的嚴重性要比世界其他國家高出許多，因此我們需要通過發(fā)展第三產業(yè)并最終解決就業(yè)難題。經過長期各國學者的觀察研究和數據統(tǒng)計可以表明，第三產業(yè)的發(fā)展是促進第一產業(yè)和第二產業(yè)發(fā)展的有效途徑，同時也是解決就業(yè)問題的重要產業(yè)。相比較發(fā)達國家的第三產業(yè)GDP比重，，國內第三產業(yè)GDP數據表現較為一般沒有達到第三產業(yè)發(fā)展的應有水平，第三產業(yè)長期維持在40.0%左右的水平線，較低水平的第三產業(yè)發(fā)展將會對第一、第二產業(yè)產生限制性作用，甚至對整個社會經濟發(fā)展造成不良影響。第三產業(yè)包含現代服務業(yè)以及傳統(tǒng)服務業(yè)，其產業(yè)內部的行業(yè)種類具有多樣化的特征，就業(yè)渠道廣闊，具備較高的就業(yè)吸納能力，在以科學發(fā)展觀為指導思想，可持續(xù)發(fā)展為目標的前提下，不斷提高人民群眾的生活水平，不斷增加社會財富的積累，我們必須要從發(fā)展第三產業(yè)的角度出發(fā)，不斷完善第三產業(yè)的產業(yè)結構增加第三產業(yè)的核心競爭力，通過發(fā)展第三產業(yè)帶動就業(yè)。 本文從國內外文獻關于第三產業(yè)促進就業(yè)為本文的研究基礎，其中包括配第-克拉克定理、費景漢-拉尼斯模型、凱恩斯的就業(yè)理論、古典學派的就業(yè)理論。并從第三產業(yè)如何帶動就業(yè)為本文研究的切入點，通過GDP數據以及第三產業(yè)就業(yè)數據的整理和分析得出第三產業(yè)就業(yè)彈性以及第三產業(yè)就業(yè)吸納等等數值存在較大的不足，分析國內第三產業(yè)在就業(yè)問題的現狀和不足，最后通過發(fā)展第三產業(yè)，優(yōu)化第三產業(yè)內部結構，增加第三產業(yè)在整個國民經濟中的比例，協(xié)調第三產業(yè)的區(qū)域發(fā)展，由此帶動我國的就業(yè)，增加國內就業(yè)機會。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, with the sustained development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the role played by the tertiary industry in the development of the national economy has become more and more important. The proportion of tertiary industry in the whole national economy has reached 43.4%, but the rapid economic growth has not alleviated the pressure of employment, and the employment problem that puzzles us still exists. Judging from the increasingly austere employment market in China, the number of people employed in the primary industry has already reached its limit, and the employment absorption capacity of the secondary industry has also tended to be saturated. Even in some developed areas of the country, the phenomenon of the exclusion of the labor force by the secondary industry has appeared. From the point of view of absorbing labor force from the three major industries, the tertiary industry is an industry with the potential to solve employment problems. However, the tertiary industry in China is only in its infancy, compared with the tertiary industry in developed countries. Domestic tertiary industry has not brought into play the characteristics of employment absorption. China has a population of 1.3 billion and the severity of the employment problem is much higher than that of other countries in the world, so we need to develop the tertiary industry and finally solve the employment problem. After a long period of scholars' observation and statistics, it can be shown that the development of the tertiary industry is an effective way to promote the development of the primary and secondary industries, and it is also an important industry to solve the employment problem. Compared with the proportion of tertiary industry GDP in developed countries, domestic tertiary industry GDP data generally do not reach the required level of tertiary industry development, and the tertiary industry has been maintained at a level of about 40.0% for a long time. The development of the tertiary industry at a lower level will have a restrictive effect on the first and second industries, and even a negative impact on the development of the whole society and economy. The tertiary industry includes modern service industry and traditional service industry. The types of industries in the tertiary industry have diversified characteristics, broad employment channels, higher employment absorption capacity, and scientific development concept as the guiding ideology. On the premise of sustainable development, we must constantly improve the living standards of the people and increase the accumulation of social wealth. We must proceed from the perspective of developing the tertiary industry. Constantly improve the industrial structure of the tertiary industry to increase the core competitiveness of the tertiary industry, through the development of tertiary industry to promote employment. This paper is based on the domestic and foreign literature about the tertiary industry promoting employment, which includes the copper-Clark theorem, the Feichinghan-Larnes model, the employment theory of Keynes and the employment theory of classical school. And from how to promote the employment of the tertiary industry as the breakthrough point of this study, through the GDP data and the tertiary industry employment data collation and analysis of the tertiary industry employment elasticity and employment absorption of the tertiary industry, and so on, there is a greater shortage of numerical value. This paper analyzes the present situation and shortcomings of the employment problem of the domestic tertiary industry. Finally, by developing the tertiary industry, optimizing the internal structure of the tertiary industry, increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry in the whole national economy, and coordinating the regional development of the tertiary industry, This will lead to employment in China, increase domestic employment opportunities.
【學位授予單位】：南京工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F249.21;F719

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