【摘要】：近年來互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟在中國得到了飛速發(fā)展,促進了金融模式創(chuàng)新。在第三方支付手段和社交媒體的催化作用下,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融產(chǎn)業(yè)開始嶄露頭角�；ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)金融行業(yè)創(chuàng)新使得傳統(tǒng)的融資渠道發(fā)生了巨大變化,“眾籌”作為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)融資方式的產(chǎn)生恰恰說明了這一點�！氨娀I”,顧名思義,籌得大眾之資。“眾籌”的出現(xiàn)對于過去只能把融資渠道限定在銀行和貸款公司等傳統(tǒng)金融機構(gòu)的產(chǎn)業(yè)提供了另外一條道路,即面向大眾。房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)是傳統(tǒng)資金需求大戶,融資渠道的多元創(chuàng)新自然不能令其袖手旁觀,更何況這一新興的融資模式還關(guān)聯(lián)著房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)終端-購房市場。但是目前我國法律從對廣大投資者利益考量的角度出發(fā),對于企業(yè)和個人的融資行為有著嚴格的限制。此外法律規(guī)定對于社會發(fā)展的滯后性也使得“房地產(chǎn)眾籌”融資方式存在困難并且具有相當大的法律風(fēng)險和不確定性。此外我國投資者投資渠道狹窄,近年來房價不斷高企,固定資產(chǎn)因為最具有升值保值能力而受到大家熱捧。因此“房地產(chǎn)眾籌”中,以融資開發(fā)(合作建房)即“產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌”最能吸引大眾的目光,調(diào)動投資者積極性。此外該眾籌方式在融合了傳統(tǒng)房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)需求的同時也充分利用了新型互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融創(chuàng)新。因此通過剖析“房地產(chǎn)眾籌”行為的相關(guān)性質(zhì)和特點,探求優(yōu)化法律角度對于“產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌”監(jiān)管,無論對于新興金融模式的發(fā)展還是傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級都具有積極意義。本文對于“產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌”的相關(guān)問題論述可大致分為四個部分第一部分,界定“產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌”的相關(guān)概念和意義。本文通過對眾籌基本概念的闡述明確眾籌特征,在明確眾籌的特征和概念基礎(chǔ)上,以投資者獲得眾籌收益為標準梳理出房地產(chǎn)眾籌的分類特征,進而引出本文討論的重點即產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)的相關(guān)概念。在此期間重點突出產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌的基本概念和現(xiàn)實意義明確本文討論的主題。產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌與其他類型的房地產(chǎn)眾籌的主要區(qū)別在于投資者獲得眾籌的回報方式即房屋產(chǎn)權(quán),價值較高,產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈較長。房地產(chǎn)眾籌在我國模式多樣,不同模式有不同的產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和交易方式,而本文的研究對象——產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌是現(xiàn)有各類房地產(chǎn)眾籌中最符合眾籌和房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)特點的模式。產(chǎn)權(quán)匯報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌對于各參與主體均有重要意義,其為開發(fā)商融資提供了便利、使購房者的需求得到滿足、投資者投資渠道得以拓寬。第二部分透過分析產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌商業(yè)模式中涉及到的法律關(guān)系,明確產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌個要素主體之間所存在的具體法律關(guān)系,以及現(xiàn)有法律框架下對于各類法律關(guān)系的規(guī)定,為理清產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌存在的法律問題奠定基礎(chǔ)。眾籌發(fā)起方與眾籌平臺存在著居間合同法律關(guān)系和委托合同法律關(guān)系,其中居間合同法律關(guān)系更具有典型意義。眾籌融資方與投資方存在的法律關(guān)系有債權(quán)法律關(guān)系、股權(quán)法律關(guān)系、買賣合同法律關(guān)系、以及多種法律關(guān)系并存的混合式法律關(guān)系。由于眾籌標的的特殊性使得投資者內(nèi)部存在有按份共有法律關(guān)系和共同共有法律關(guān)系。第三部分以產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌各參與方為主體,從投資者、開發(fā)主體(即開發(fā)商)、房地產(chǎn)眾籌平臺三個角度分析各參與主體在參與產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌過程中可能存在的法律問題。存在的法律問題既有因產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌特性而產(chǎn)生的問題也有眾籌所存在的共性法律問題,眾籌主體存在的主要法律問題有房地產(chǎn)眾籌與非法集資的區(qū)分、違反商品房預(yù)售的法律規(guī)定。眾籌平臺存在的問題有關(guān)聯(lián)交易,信用、信息、自己管理能力不足。至于投資者其存在的主要問題有投機問題、共有人權(quán)利難以實現(xiàn)以及合同違約和合同欺詐。第四部分,針對產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)市場運營中出現(xiàn)的問題,為解決我國產(chǎn)權(quán)回報式房地產(chǎn)眾籌相關(guān)法律問題提供具體可操作的措施。筆者通過借鑒國外的經(jīng)驗從投資者權(quán)益保護的角度出發(fā)提出相應(yīng)對策。首先對房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)主體的資格進行限制,并通過細化拆分眾籌項目、構(gòu)建眾籌份額的退出機制等手段出發(fā)明確投資者產(chǎn)權(quán)并避免合同欺詐等法律問題產(chǎn)生。其次在眾籌平臺運營監(jiān)管方面,通過加強眾籌平臺的獨立性建設(shè),以及對資金的第三方托管并建立嚴格的信息披露審核機制提高對于眾籌平臺的管控能力。最后在合格投資人的選擇方面建立準入機制并構(gòu)建風(fēng)險意識教育以提高投資者抗風(fēng)險的能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the Internet economy has been developing rapidly in China, which has promoted the innovation of financial mode. With the catalytic role of third-party payments and social media, the Internet financial industry has begun to emerge. The innovation of the internet financial industry has changed the traditional financing channel, and the "crowdfunding" has just explained this. The "crowdfunding", as the name implies, raised the public's capital. The emergence of "crowdfunding" has provided another way for the past to limit the financing channel to the industry of traditional financial institutions, such as banks and loan companies, that is, to the public. The real estate industry is the large demand of the traditional fund, and the multi-element innovation of the financing channel can't stand idly by. Besides, this new financing model is also associated with the real estate industry terminal-the housing market. But at present, the law of our country, from the point of view of the interests of the general investors, has a strict limitation on the financing behavior of the enterprise and the individual. In addition, the law provides that the lag of social development also makes the "real estate crowdfunding" financing way difficult and has considerable legal risk and uncertainty. In addition, the investment channel of China's investors is narrow, and in recent years, the house prices are high, and the fixed assets are highly praised by the people because of the most competitive ability. Therefore, the real estate crowdfunding ", with the financing development (cooperative building), that is, the property right return type real estate crowdfunding" best attract the public eye, mobilize the investor's enthusiasm. In addition, the crowdfunding mode also makes full use of the new type of Internet financial innovation in the integration of the traditional real estate industry demand. Therefore, through the analysis of the related nature and characteristics of the "real estate crowdfunding" behavior, it is of positive significance to seek to optimize the legal angle to the "property-return real estate crowdfunding" supervision, whether for the development of the new financial mode or the transformation and upgrading of the traditional industry. The related problems of the "property-return real estate crowdfunding" are generally divided into four parts, and the relevant concepts and meanings of the "property-return real estate crowdfunding" are defined. In this paper, through the elaboration of the basic concept of the public, the features of the crowdfunding are clarified, and on the basis of the features and concepts of the crowdfunding, the classification features of the real estate crowdfunding are sorted out by the investors, and then the relevant concepts of the property right-return real estate discussed in this paper are drawn out. During this period, the basic concept and the practical significance of the real estate crowdfunding of the property right are emphasized, and the subject matter discussed in this paper is clear. The main difference between the property right-return real estate and other types of real estate is that the return of the investors is the property right, the value is higher, and the industrial chain is long. The real estate crowdfunding is in our country mode, different models have different product structure and trading way, and the research object _ property right-return real estate crowdfunding is the most common mode of all kinds of real estate crowdfunding and the characteristics of real estate industry. The property right report type real estate crowdfunding is of great significance to all the participating subjects, which provides convenience for the development of the developer, and the demand of the home buyers is met, and the investment channel of the investors is widened. in that second part, through the analysis of the legal relationship involved in the property-return real estate's business model, the specific legal relationship between the property right-return real estate and the main body of the real estate, as well as the requirement for various legal relations under the existing legal framework, To lay the foundation for clarifying the legal problems existing in the property-return-type real estate. There are the legal relation between the sponsors and the crowdfunding platform, and the legal relation between the intermediary contract and the contract law, and the legal relation of the intermediate contract is more typical. The legal relationship between the public financing party and the investor has the legal relationship of the creditor's rights, the relationship between the equity law, the legal relation of the sales and sales contract, and the mixed legal relationship with the existence of a variety of legal relations. Because of the particularity of the subject matter, there is a common legal relationship and a common legal relationship among the investors. The third part is to analyze the possible legal problems of the participating entities in the process of the real estate crowdfunding from the investors, the development subject (i.e. the developer) and the real estate crowdfunding platform. The existing legal problems are not only the problems arising from the property right-return real estate crowdfunding characteristics, but also the common legal problems existing in the crowdfunding. The main legal problems existing in the crowdfunding main body include the distinction between the real estate crowdfunding and the illegal fund-raising, and the violation of the legal provisions of the pre-sale of the commercial house. The problems existing in the crowdfunding platform are related transaction, credit, information, and the self-management capacity is insufficient. As for investors, there are speculation problems in the main problems, such as the realization of the realization of the rights and the contract default and contract fraud. The fourth part, aiming at the problems in the operation of the property right return type real estate market, provides the concrete operational measures for solving the legal problems related to the property right return type real estate market. Based on the experience of foreign experience, the author puts forward corresponding countermeasures from the perspective of the protection of the investors' rights and interests. First of all, the qualification of the real estate development subject is limited, and the legal problems such as contract fraud and other legal problems are defined by the means of refining and splitting the crowdfunding project, building the exit mechanism of the crowdfunding share, and the like. Secondly, in the aspects of the operation and supervision of the crowdfunding platform, the independent construction of the crowdfunding platform, and the third-party hosting of the funds and the establishment of a strict information disclosure and auditing mechanism to improve the management and control ability of the crowdfunding platform. Finally, the access mechanism is set up in the choice of qualified investors and the ability to raise the risk of the investors is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.2

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 林為民;必須注意區(qū)分不同性質(zhì)的法律關(guān)系[J];中國審計;2000年06期

2 蔣良才;對依法治校及其幾個法律關(guān)系問題的思考[J];湖北師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2000年03期

3 楊宜昌,姚平;略析法律關(guān)系四要素[J];克山師專學(xué)報;2000年02期

4 張晉龍,張建峰;金融監(jiān)管應(yīng)當處理好的幾個法律關(guān)系[J];中國農(nóng)村信用合作;2000年05期

5 魏清沂;論法律關(guān)系的概念及意義[J];甘肅政法學(xué)院學(xué)報;2001年01期

6 朱孟強,文輔相,黎宇寧;高校與大學(xué)生法律關(guān)系研究綜述[J];清華大學(xué)教育研究;2002年06期

7 馮時林 ,石民;高校校方與學(xué)生的法律關(guān)系[J];浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2002年04期

8 湯燕武;;試析電力法律關(guān)系及法律特征[J];寧夏電力;2002年02期

9 楊冬梅;工會法律關(guān)系芻議[J];工會理論與實踐.中國工運學(xué)院學(xué)報;2002年05期

10 張曉彤,姜大儒;淺析金融期貨的法律關(guān)系[J];經(jīng)濟師;2002年06期

相關(guān)會議論文 前10條

1 劉國濤;;法學(xué)生態(tài)化的法理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)初探——試論生態(tài)法律關(guān)系[A];資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會建設(shè)與環(huán)境資源法的熱點問題研究——2006年全國環(huán)境資源法學(xué)研討會論文集（四）[C];2006年

2 劉旭芳;;論生態(tài)補償制度的法律關(guān)系[A];2006年中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展論壇——中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究會2006學(xué)術(shù)年會青年學(xué)者論壇專輯[C];2006年

3 張藝;郭峰;;多產(chǎn)權(quán)建筑消防安全管理法律關(guān)系探討[A];第十屆中國科協(xié)年會論文集（一）[C];2008年

4 李飛;;論法律關(guān)系的客體[A];當代法學(xué)論壇（2006年第3輯）[C];2006年

5 黃英;;試論彩票融資法律關(guān)系的性質(zhì)[A];當代法學(xué)論壇（二○一○年第1輯）[C];2010年

6 秦榮國;;反應(yīng)性精神病的法律關(guān)系評定及相關(guān)問題的思考[A];中國法醫(yī)學(xué)會司法精神病學(xué)專業(yè)委員會第一次全國司法精神病學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會議論文匯編[C];2002年

7 陳金釗;侯學(xué)勇;;法律關(guān)系及其邏輯模型的建構(gòu)[A];第十四屆全國法律邏輯學(xué)術(shù)討論會論文集[C];2006年

8 郭光;;科技與法律關(guān)系的辨證思考[A];中國科技新聞學(xué)會第九次學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2007年

9 張振華;;煙草行政主管部門與打假舉報人法律關(guān)系初探[A];中國煙草學(xué)會2004年學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2004年

10 孫曼曼;;論高校多重身份的具體范圍及行為時的法律問題——從高校與學(xué)生的法律關(guān)系視[A];建國60年陜西教育30年法制建設(shè)理論研討會獲獎?wù)撐腫C];2010年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前10條

1 程斌　　　;借用資質(zhì)人與出借企業(yè)間的法律關(guān)系[N];江蘇經(jīng)濟報;2012年

2 俞學(xué)明 中國政法大學(xué)宗教與法律研究中心教授;宗教與法律關(guān)系的三個主要層次[N];中國民族報;2013年

3 吳慧瓊;產(chǎn)交所與轉(zhuǎn)受讓方法律關(guān)系的界定[N];法制日報;2013年

4 本報記者 趙曉菲;律師：資產(chǎn)證券化可探索多種法律關(guān)系共存[N];21世紀經(jīng)濟報道;2013年

5 徐小年;松散合作人與業(yè)主間法律關(guān)系的認定[N];江蘇經(jīng)濟報;2013年

6 周玉文 徐德發(fā);雇傭還是幫工，，法律關(guān)系要理清[N];農(nóng)民日報;2013年

7 孔德福;淺析政府向社會組織購買服務(wù)中的法律關(guān)系[N];中國社會報;2014年

8 本報記者 席鋒宇;立法明確學(xué)校和學(xué)生的法律關(guān)系[N];法制日報;2014年

9 吉林省磐石市工商局 徐東林　孟慶霞;明確三個主體責任 理順四個法律關(guān)系[N];中國工商報;2014年

10 王素平;陪酒人員與娛樂場所間的法律關(guān)系[N];江蘇法制報;2014年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前7條

1 朱孟強;我國高等學(xué)校與大學(xué)法律關(guān)系研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2007年

2 張鸝羽;中國的政府主導(dǎo)型銀企法律關(guān)系基礎(chǔ)研究[D];中國政法大學(xué);2007年

3 王亞南;分析實證語境下反壟斷復(fù)合法律關(guān)系的法理反思[D];吉林大學(xué);2012年

4 趙亮;我國助學(xué)貸款法律關(guān)系的憲政之維[D];華東師范大學(xué);2012年

5 朱虎;薩維尼法律關(guān)系理論研究[D];中國政法大學(xué);2008年

6 詹慶;直銷法律規(guī)制研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2006年

7 楊運濤;國際貨物多式聯(lián)運法律關(guān)系研究[D];對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué);2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 廖軍和;法律關(guān)系略論[D];鄭州大學(xué);2000年

2 烏日娜;商事留置權(quán)研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2015年

3 劉慧芹;“拼車”的法律問題研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2014年

4 王瓊;行政訴訟中民行交叉案件審判模式分析[D];蘭州大學(xué);2015年

5 權(quán)s

本文編號：2510790