【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ),在農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)當(dāng)中,農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司又是農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)代表,農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化有著舉足輕重的作用。但是,通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多的農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司從事著與“農(nóng)”并無(wú)直接關(guān)系的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。有學(xué)者也對(duì)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了大量的研究,有超過(guò)82%的農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司或多或少存在這一問(wèn)題。大量農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司在主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)、主要產(chǎn)品、勞務(wù)類型以及社會(huì)綜合貢獻(xiàn)方面嚴(yán)重背離農(nóng)業(yè),熱心投資于房地產(chǎn)、貿(mào)易、金融、醫(yī)藥等與農(nóng)業(yè)并不直接相關(guān)的行業(yè),這種現(xiàn)象就是所謂的“背農(nóng)經(jīng)營(yíng)”。通過(guò)分析11家重點(diǎn)農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司2012年的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告,就農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)以及文化沿革對(duì)背農(nóng)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了研究和探討。 得出“背農(nóng)”有以下幾個(gè)動(dòng)因：(一)資本逐利驅(qū)動(dòng),農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司受農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)周期性影響,所以通過(guò)“背農(nóng)”來(lái)平衡對(duì)現(xiàn)金的需要；(二)傳統(tǒng)的輕農(nóng)思想,讓農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司想擺脫農(nóng)業(yè)這頂“帽子”；(三)管理層權(quán)力欲膨脹,規(guī)模擴(kuò)大的迫切需要與農(nóng)業(yè)難以做大、做強(qiáng)的矛盾；(四)羊群行為的推波助瀾。農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司“背農(nóng)”經(jīng)營(yíng)違背了政府宏觀調(diào)控的意愿、阻礙了農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展以及打擊了農(nóng)民從農(nóng)的積極性。對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司自身來(lái)說(shuō),選擇非農(nóng)行業(yè)投資造成了農(nóng)業(yè)資金的外流,使其難以應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理,并且導(dǎo)致其在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降,從而減少了農(nóng)民的收入,農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司“背農(nóng)”經(jīng)營(yíng)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了不利影響。為了改善農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司“背農(nóng)”經(jīng)營(yíng)狀態(tài),從政府層面提出了優(yōu)化政府扶持政策、提高日常服務(wù)效率、強(qiáng)化政府部門監(jiān)督的對(duì)策,引導(dǎo)企業(yè)走農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路；公司層面提出了重視農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)教育走人才戰(zhàn)略道路、市場(chǎng)化導(dǎo)向著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展、完善公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)等對(duì)策建議。 對(duì)有“背農(nóng)”經(jīng)營(yíng)的農(nóng)業(yè)上市公司應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快采取措施回籠資金、集中資金扎根農(nóng)業(yè),履行起真正農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)當(dāng)盡的社會(huì)責(zé)任,切不可盲目地“過(guò)度”擴(kuò)張進(jìn)入新的經(jīng)營(yíng)領(lǐng)域,必須統(tǒng)籌安排,使有限資源發(fā)揮最大化作用。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of the whole national economy. Among agricultural enterprises, agricultural listed companies are the representatives of agricultural enterprises. Agricultural listed companies play an important role in the realization of agricultural modernization in China. However, many agricultural listed companies are engaged in economic activities which are not directly related to agriculture. Some scholars have also done a lot of research on this phenomenon, more than 82% of agricultural listed companies more or less exist this problem. A large number of listed agricultural companies deviate from agriculture in their main business, main products, types of services, and social contribution, and are keen to invest in industries not directly related to agriculture, such as real estate, trade, finance, medicine, etc. This phenomenon is the so-called "back farming operation." Based on the analysis of the financial reports of 11 key agricultural listed companies in 2012, this paper studies and discusses the phenomenon of agricultural backwardness on the basis of the published data and cultural evolution of agricultural listed companies. It is concluded that "back farmers" have the following motivations: (1) capital driven by interest, agricultural listed companies are influenced by the periodicity of agricultural industry, so "back farmers" to balance the need for cash; (2) the traditional thinking of light agriculture makes agricultural listed companies want to get rid of the "hat" of agriculture, (3) the urgent need for the expansion of management power and the urgent need to expand the scale of management are in contradiction with the difficulty of making agriculture bigger and stronger; (4) herding behavior contributes to the fire. The management of agricultural listed companies violates the government's intention of macro-control, hinders the development of agricultural modernization and strikes the enthusiasm of farmers from agriculture. For listed agricultural companies themselves, the choice of non-agricultural investments has led to an outflow of agricultural funds, making it difficult to cope with market risk management and resulting in a decline in competitiveness in agriculture, thereby reducing farmers' incomes. Agricultural listed companies, "back farming" management on the development of agriculture has had a negative impact. In order to improve the management state of agricultural listed companies, the paper puts forward the countermeasures of optimizing the government support policy, improving the efficiency of daily service, strengthening the supervision of government departments, and guiding enterprises to take the road of sustainable development of agriculture. At the company level, the author puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as paying attention to agricultural vocational education and taking the path of talent strategy, market-oriented orientation and long-term development, and perfecting the corporate governance structure, and so on. For agricultural listed companies with "backfarm" operations, measures should be taken as soon as possible to withdraw funds, concentrate funds to take root in agriculture, fulfil the social responsibility of real agricultural enterprises, and must not blindly "over-" expand into new business fields. It must be arranged as a whole to maximize the effect of limited resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F324

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