【摘要】：隨著我國社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展,消費(fèi)信貸經(jīng)濟(jì)的活躍,房地產(chǎn)抵押制度作為現(xiàn)代擔(dān)保制度受到人們的普遍關(guān)注。抵押制度是常見的一種擔(dān)保形式,因其不轉(zhuǎn)移占有的方式——抵押人不僅可以繼續(xù)利用抵押物的使用價(jià)值,又能通過設(shè)定抵押獲得融資,解決資金短缺問題——而被形象地成為“擔(dān)保之王”。房地產(chǎn)具有較高的交換價(jià)值,同時(shí)具有保值性、安全性、穩(wěn)定性等特性,它經(jīng)常地被用作擔(dān)保抵押的抵押物。隨著我國房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的持續(xù)發(fā)展,土地使用權(quán)制度改革的不斷深化,房地產(chǎn)抵押制度作為一種融資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的防范措施和一種有效利用方式而得以廣泛應(yīng)用。目前,規(guī)范房地產(chǎn)抵押的法律法規(guī)以及規(guī)章主要有：《中華人民共和國物權(quán)法》、《中華人民共和國房地產(chǎn)管理法》、《中華人民共和國擔(dān)保法》以及建設(shè)部制定頒布的《房地產(chǎn)抵押管理辦法》。我國關(guān)于房地產(chǎn)抵押的法律問題隨著房地產(chǎn)抵押市場(chǎng)的日益繁榮亦漸受關(guān)注。在肯定上述法律文件對(duì)房地產(chǎn)抵押的規(guī)范起到積極作用外,應(yīng)當(dāng)指出的是,我國的房地產(chǎn)抵押制度尚不完善,仍然存在許多法律問題,有待進(jìn)一步研究和解決。 本文主要研究我國房地產(chǎn)抵押制度存在的問題及其對(duì)策。文章計(jì)三萬五千字左右,除引言和結(jié)語外,主要包括三個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容,文章的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)如下： 第一部分,我國現(xiàn)行房地產(chǎn)抵押制度概述。在這個(gè)部分,筆者對(duì)房地產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)的概念特征、房地產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)的設(shè)定以及房地產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式這幾個(gè)重要的問題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論述。首先明確了房地產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)區(qū)分于其他抵押權(quán)的特殊性質(zhì),即具有復(fù)合性、要式性以及期限性；其次概述了房地產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)的設(shè)定程序,分為房地產(chǎn)抵押合同以及房地產(chǎn)抵押登記,并且對(duì)房地產(chǎn)抵押標(biāo)的物做了較為詳細(xì)的論述;最后論述了房地產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。 第二部分,我國房地產(chǎn)抵押制度中存在的問題。這個(gè)部分主要闡述了房地產(chǎn)抵押制度中出現(xiàn)的三個(gè)典型的問題,即房地產(chǎn)抵押登記中存在的問題、在建工程抵押中存在的問題以及房地產(chǎn)抵押評(píng)估中存在的問題。分節(jié)分點(diǎn)論述了這些問題產(chǎn)生的原因、現(xiàn)狀以及弊端,為下文論述做好鋪墊。 第三部分,我國房地產(chǎn)抵押中存在問題的解決對(duì)策。針對(duì)上述三個(gè)問題,本人分別提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。首先,在房地產(chǎn)抵押登記中,提出了建立健全我國房地產(chǎn)抵押登記的法制體系、整合分散設(shè)置的房地產(chǎn)登記機(jī)構(gòu)、明確抵押登記審查方式、建立賠償基金或者引入保險(xiǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)移責(zé)任的四點(diǎn)建議；其次,針對(duì)在建工程抵押中存在的問題,認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)在源頭上預(yù)防重復(fù)抵押、重復(fù)預(yù)售的行為,同時(shí)建立健全預(yù)告登記制度,以及完善我國建筑工程價(jià)款優(yōu)先受償制度；最后,針對(duì)我國房地產(chǎn)抵押評(píng)估存在的諸多亂象,提出了嚴(yán)格規(guī)范評(píng)價(jià)工作行為、提高商業(yè)銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警能力以及提高評(píng)估人員業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)等建議。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of China's socialist market economy and the active consumer credit economy, the real estate mortgage system as a modern security system has attracted widespread attention. Mortgage system is a common form of security, because it does not transfer the way of possession - the mortgagor can not only continue to use the value of the mortgage, but also can Real estate is often used as collateral for guaranteed mortgage because of its high exchange value, high security and stability. With the continuous development of China's real estate industry, the land use right system has been reformed. With the deepening of the reform, the real estate mortgage system has been widely used as a precautionary measure against financing risks and as an effective way of utilization. Law > and "Measures for the Administration of Real Estate Mortgage" promulgated by the Ministry of Construction. The legal issues of real estate mortgage in China are also gradually concerned with the growing prosperity of the real estate mortgage market. In addition to affirming the positive role of the above-mentioned legal documents in the regulation of real estate mortgage, it should be pointed out that the real estate mortgage system in China is not yet complete. There are still many legal problems to be further studied and resolved.
This paper mainly studies the problems and Countermeasures of the real estate mortgage system in China. The article is about 35,000 words. Besides the introduction and conclusion, it mainly includes three parts. The structure of the article is as follows:
The first part is an overview of the current real estate mortgage system in China. In this part, the author discusses the conceptual characteristics of real estate mortgage, the establishment of real estate mortgage and the realization of real estate mortgage in detail. Secondly, it outlines the setting procedure of the real estate mortgage right, including the real estate mortgage contract and the real estate mortgage registration, and makes a more detailed discussion on the subject matter of the real estate mortgage; finally, it discusses the realization of the real estate mortgage right.
The second part, the problems existing in the real estate mortgage system of our country. This part mainly expounds the three typical problems in the real estate mortgage system, that is, the problems existing in the registration of real estate mortgage, the problems existing in the construction project mortgage and the problems existing in the real estate mortgage evaluation. The causes, the current situation and the disadvantages will lay the groundwork for the following discussion.
In the third part, the author puts forward some suggestions to solve the problems in real estate mortgage. Firstly, in the registration of real estate mortgage, the author puts forward to establish and improve the legal system of real estate mortgage registration in China, to integrate decentralized real estate registration agencies, and to clarify the examination methods of mortgage registration. Four suggestions on Establishing Compensation Fund or introducing insurance to transfer responsibility are put forward. Secondly, in view of the problems existing in the mortgage of construction projects under construction, it is considered that repetitive mortgage and repetitive pre-sale should be prevented at the source. At the same time, the registration system of advance notice should be established and perfected, as well as the system of preferential payment for construction projects in China. There are many disorders in real estate mortgage evaluation, and some suggestions are put forward, such as strictly standardizing the evaluation work behavior, improving the risk early warning ability of commercial banks and improving the professional quality of appraisers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D922.29

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