【摘要】：歐李(Cerasus humilis (beg.) Sok)是我國特有的小灌木果樹,耐旱,耐寒,耐瘠薄,經(jīng)濟與生態(tài)效益兼具。隨著歐李種植面積的不斷擴大,規(guī)模化、高效化是歐李產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的方向。用機械代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)人力完成歐李產(chǎn)業(yè)各環(huán)節(jié)作業(yè),可降低生產(chǎn)者勞動強度,大幅度提高生產(chǎn)效率。目前,我國果園整體機械化程度較低,而歐李產(chǎn)業(yè)從育苗到采后加工各環(huán)節(jié)中不僅勞力成本較高,而且專用機械設備普及率更低,因此研究專用于歐李的機械裝備具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文選擇相關企業(yè)或單位中用于歐李產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)的相關機械作為研究對象,對歐李產(chǎn)業(yè)中育苗機械、建園機械、管理機械、采收機械和果實處理機械等五個環(huán)節(jié)17種機械進行結構、操作、效率和作業(yè)質(zhì)量的實際觀察,記錄所取得的數(shù)據(jù),并對數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計分析,綜合評價各類機械的性能和潛力,同時提出了改進意見。主要結論如下：1、歐李育苗環(huán)節(jié)的機械使用頻率較高,除扦插機械外,基本實現(xiàn)了全程機械操作。提升了苗床基質(zhì)的標準化生產(chǎn)、提高了苗床床面的精細程度、提高了苗木起苗的質(zhì)量,極大地降低了勞力成本,提高了苗木生產(chǎn)效率。2、歐李建園中使用專用機械提高了苗木的移栽效率,且種植后的株距、行距規(guī)范,但是機械設備維修和調(diào)整頻繁較高,仍需提高機械的穩(wěn)定性。3、歐李園管理中使用的機械較少,選用合理的割草機,不僅可以割草,而且可以兼顧歐李的平茬作業(yè),實現(xiàn)了一機多用,但缺乏與歐李園農(nóng)藝操作相配套的高地隙的拖拉機等動力與作業(yè)機械。4、歐李采收機械目前僅能實現(xiàn)人工剪取帶果枝條的脫果環(huán)節(jié),可以提高采果的生產(chǎn)效率,但停留在試驗階段,仍需研發(fā)大田一次性采收的大型機械。5、歐李果實處理環(huán)節(jié)中的榨汁機和歐李取核機實現(xiàn)了果肉和核的分離,前者處理的果肉可進一步進行果汁加工,后者由于機械的部件為鐵質(zhì),以及果肉經(jīng)過漚制,果肉不宜利用。歐李產(chǎn)業(yè)中盡管使用了較多的機械,但在苗木扦插、果實采收等環(huán)節(jié)還需加大研發(fā)’出適宜的機械,以進一步降低歐李產(chǎn)業(yè)中勞力成本,提高生產(chǎn)效率。還需要針對農(nóng)藝操作的要求進行機械的配套,使機械的整體性、穩(wěn)定性和作業(yè)效率更加提高。
[Abstract]:Ollie (Cerasus humilis (beg.) Sok) is a unique small shrubs and fruit trees in China, which is drought-tolerant, cold-tolerant, barren-tolerant, and has both economic and ecological benefits. With the continuous expansion of mulberry planting area, large-scale, high efficiency is the direction of the development of EU-Li industry. Replacing the traditional manpower with machinery can reduce the labor intensity of producers and greatly improve the production efficiency. At present, the overall mechanization of orchards in China is relatively low, while the European plum industry not only has a higher labor cost, but also has a lower popularization rate of special machinery and equipment from seedling raising to postharvest processing. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the mechanical equipment specially used in Ollie. In this paper, the related machinery used in the development of European plum industry is selected as the research object, and the seedling raising machinery, garden construction machinery and management machinery in the European plum industry are selected as the research object. 17 kinds of machinery, such as harvesting machinery and fruit processing machinery, were observed in structure, operation, efficiency and operation quality, the data were recorded, the data were statistically analyzed, and the performance and potential of all kinds of machinery were comprehensively evaluated. At the same time, some suggestions for improvement are put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, the mechanical use frequency of the seedling raising link is high, except cutting machinery, the whole mechanical operation is basically realized. The standardized production of seedling bed matrix is improved, the fine degree of seedling bed surface is improved, the quality of seedling is improved, the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the seedling production efficiency is improved. 2, The use of special machinery in Oli Garden improves the transplanting efficiency of seedlings, and the plant spacing and row spacing after planting are standardized, but the maintenance and adjustment of mechanical equipment are frequent and high, so it is still necessary to improve the stability of machinery. 3. The machinery used in the management of Oli Garden is less, and the selection of reasonable lawn mower can not only mow grass, but also take into account the stubble operation of ou Li, which realizes the multi-use of one machine. However, there is a lack of power and working machinery, such as tractors with high ground gaps, which are compatible with the agronomic operation of Oli Garden. 4. At present, the Oli harvesting machinery can only achieve manual pruning of fruit-bearing branches at present, which can improve the production efficiency of fruit harvesting. However, at the experimental stage, there is still a need to develop large-scale machinery for one-off harvesting in the field. 5. The juicer in the processing link of Oli fruit and the European plum kernel extractor have achieved the separation of pulp and nucleus, and the pulp treated by the former can be further processed in juice processing. Because the mechanical parts are iron and the pulp is retted, the pulp is not suitable for use. Although more machinery is used in the European plum industry, it is necessary to increase the research and development of suitable machinery in seedling cutting, fruit harvesting and other links in order to further reduce the labor cost and improve the production efficiency. It is also necessary to match the machinery according to the requirements of agronomical operation, so that the integrity, stability and operation efficiency of the machinery can be improved.
【學位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S233.74

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 曾松偉;喻衛(wèi)武;姬長英;葉邦宣;肖慶來;;香榧去皮機研制與應用[J];浙江農(nóng)林大學學報;2015年01期

2 穆霄鵬;杜俊杰;杜俊民;;鈣果種仁油的提取及成分分析[J];食品科技;2012年12期

3 李德勝;郭輝;;果園施肥開溝機的研究現(xiàn)狀[J];農(nóng)業(yè)科技與裝備;2011年06期

4 穆霄鵬;杜俊杰;王鵬飛;薛小芳;;不同鈣果品系加工蜜餞特性研究[J];山西果樹;2011年02期

5 熊志遠;陳永成;;新疆辣椒機械化采收的研究分析[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機械;2011年01期

6 宋樹民;湛小梅;龐有倫;;果園管理機械發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與趨勢分析[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備;2010年07期

7 池少英;申慶泰;金敏;;飼料粉碎機的錘片自磨刃可行性研究[J];農(nóng)機化研究;2010年02期

8 馬寶q;徐繼忠;孫建設;;關于我國蘋果矮砧密植栽培的思考[J];果樹學報;2010年01期

9 盧勇濤;李成松;陳永成;陳亞琳;;番茄收獲機果實分離機構的工作原理及結構特點[J];新疆農(nóng)機化;2008年04期

10 周家華;蘭彥平;姚硯武;王尚德;胡偉娟;;歐李果汁加工工藝研究[J];食品工業(yè)科技;2007年08期

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 張海芳;歐李采后生理及保鮮技術研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學;2006年

2 趙利軍;雙臥軸攪拌機參數(shù)優(yōu)化及其試驗研究[D];長安大學;2002年

，

本文編號：2474977