發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-17 21:55

【摘要】：我國(guó)經(jīng)過(guò)改革開(kāi)放35年來(lái)的高速發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)總量一躍成為世界第二，而成就的背后有不容忽視的、為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的一群人——農(nóng)民工。從上世紀(jì)八十年代起，伴隨國(guó)有企業(yè)用工制度改革，民企、外企及鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)發(fā)展壯大，城鎮(zhèn)化趨勢(shì)明顯，在這過(guò)程中促使農(nóng)民大量進(jìn)城務(wù)工經(jīng)商，農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)化為非農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力，進(jìn)而成為我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的大軍。特別是在那些臟累差的一線崗位上，基本上是臨時(shí)雇傭的農(nóng)民工在干活。他們的勞動(dòng)保護(hù)知識(shí)少，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防護(hù)意識(shí)低；但是他們的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，勞動(dòng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，這些都增加了他們患職業(yè)病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。鑒于職業(yè)病起因復(fù)雜，潛伏期長(zhǎng)，對(duì)身體傷害具有累積性和持續(xù)性等特殊性質(zhì)，農(nóng)民工很難及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并治愈職業(yè)病。加之，他們的勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬少，法律知識(shí)少，社會(huì)保障少，這更降低了他們認(rèn)知與防御職業(yè)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力；農(nóng)民工的雙棲性、勞動(dòng)關(guān)系不固定性、大量的流動(dòng)性，更加阻礙了他們的維權(quán)之路。農(nóng)民工大多是家庭的主要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力，而治療職業(yè)病的周期長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)年之久，治療費(fèi)用也是一筆大數(shù)目，，這些都嚴(yán)重影響了農(nóng)民工家庭的正常生活。 時(shí)下的中國(guó)正處于市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，在這個(gè)擅變過(guò)渡時(shí)期，許多社會(huì)問(wèn)題層出不窮。加上2008年的金融危機(jī)使勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)供大于求，農(nóng)民工的弱勢(shì)地位明顯，自我防護(hù)意識(shí)淡薄，社會(huì)制度建設(shè)的不完善，導(dǎo)致職業(yè)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生頻率、農(nóng)民工發(fā)病人數(shù)和社會(huì)影響日益增加，使得城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程中農(nóng)民工職業(yè)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成為非常嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問(wèn)題之一。在城鎮(zhèn)化的背景下，基于農(nóng)民工群體和職業(yè)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的雙重特殊性，本文針對(duì)當(dāng)前我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程中農(nóng)民工所面臨的職業(yè)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和亟需的保險(xiǎn)保障機(jī)制，從法律、社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)、商業(yè)雇主責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)等角度進(jìn)行問(wèn)題分析，并研究提出相應(yīng)的改善建議。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of reform and opening up for 35 years, the total economic volume of our country has become the second largest in the world, and behind the achievements, there are a group of people who have made great contributions to the economic development of our country-migrant workers. Since the 1980s, with the reform of the employment system in state-owned enterprises, the development of private enterprises, foreign enterprises and township enterprises, the trend of urbanization has been obvious. The agricultural labor force transforms into the non-agricultural labor force, and then becomes the industrial worker's army of our country. Especially in those dirty-tired front-line posts, basically temporary employment of migrant workers in the work. They have little knowledge of labor protection and low awareness of risk protection, but their labor intensity and long working hours increase their risk of occupational disease. In view of the complex causes of occupational diseases, long incubation period, cumulative and persistent damage to the body and other special properties, it is difficult for migrant workers to find and cure occupational diseases in time. In addition, they have less remuneration, less legal knowledge, and less social security, which further reduces their ability to recognize and defend against occupational disease risks; the dual nature of migrant workers, the irregular nature of labor relations, and a large amount of mobility, Even more obstructed their rights to the road. Migrant workers are mostly the main labor force of the family, and the cycle of occupational disease treatment for several years, treatment cost is also a large number, these have seriously affected the normal life of migrant workers families. China is now in the crucial period of market transition, in which many social problems emerge. In addition, the financial crisis of 2008 caused the labor market to oversupply, the weak position of migrant workers was obvious, the consciousness of self-protection was weak, and the construction of social system was not perfect, which led to the frequency of occupational disease risk. The increasing incidence and social impact of migrant workers make the occupational disease risk of migrant workers become one of the most serious social problems in the process of urbanization. Under the background of urbanization, based on the dual particularity of migrant workers' group and occupational disease risk, this paper aims at the occupational disease risk faced by migrant workers in the process of urbanization in our country and the much-needed insurance protection mechanism, from the legal, social insurance, Commercial employer liability insurance and other aspects of the problem analysis, and research and put forward corresponding suggestions for improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F323.89;F842.6

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