【摘要】：中國快遞業(yè)務(wù)量隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)購物的大發(fā)展飛速增長�？爝f業(yè)務(wù)量的猛增,需求多樣性的豐富,末端配送的問題隨之顯現(xiàn)。末端配送因其成本占比大,并且最接近客戶而成為各快遞服務(wù)商最重視的環(huán)節(jié),也是最為迫切需要優(yōu)化的環(huán)節(jié)。本文以優(yōu)化“最后一公里”配送為目的,根據(jù)消費(fèi)者對末端配送的服務(wù)需求情況做調(diào)查和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,在滿足客戶需求的前提下,分析已有配送模式的優(yōu)勢與劣勢,提出取送分離的末端配送模式。具體,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,通過大量閱讀文獻(xiàn)與現(xiàn)狀報(bào)道,系統(tǒng)的分析了國內(nèi)外末端配送現(xiàn)狀及快遞服務(wù)商采取的配送模式,綜合了末端配送的外環(huán)境、客戶需求特點(diǎn)、模式適用性、模式的優(yōu)劣勢�？偨Y(jié)出目前配送模式歸為兩類即直接配送模式(Directly deliver,DD)與自主提貨模式(Self-servicePickup,SP),為研究末端配送模式提供了理論參考。其次,從實(shí)際問題出發(fā),以理論與調(diào)查結(jié)合的方式,對快遞服務(wù)商、區(qū)域客戶、快遞末端配送需求詳細(xì)分析、分類及優(yōu)化。通過發(fā)放互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有償問卷,實(shí)地訪問海淀區(qū)快遞服務(wù)商B公司,收集可靠數(shù)據(jù)信息后對調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)交叉、聚類分析,按照區(qū)域功能特點(diǎn),客戶職業(yè)特點(diǎn)劃分群體,為提出取送分離的末端配送模式提供數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)。進(jìn)而確定快遞末端配送優(yōu)化中的成本內(nèi)容、影響因素,提出優(yōu)化原則和優(yōu)化方案。基于實(shí)際調(diào)研與已有的優(yōu)化理論,提出文本核心的優(yōu)化模型,以成本最小為目標(biāo)的取送分離快遞末端配送模型(the model of separating directly deliver and self-pickup in terminal delivery)。該模式從需求角度出發(fā),以距離預(yù)判區(qū)域需求的概率分布,滿足區(qū)域客戶需求的同時(shí),減少二次投遞率,配送總成本降低。依據(jù)目前自主提貨模式具有明顯的規(guī)模效益、成本節(jié)約、提高配送效率的優(yōu)勢,因此采取在滿足客戶需求前提下,盡量將包裹以自提形式配送。模型將DD與SP,兩種配送模式約束分開,并應(yīng)用遺傳算法雙層編碼的方式,分別對兩層求解。最后,驗(yàn)證模型的正確性和算法的效率,實(shí)例證明該模式較傳統(tǒng)模式降低成本約 23%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Internet shopping, express delivery business in China is growing rapidly. The rapid increase of express delivery business, the rich diversity of demand, terminal distribution problems appear. Because of its large cost and closest to customers, terminal distribution has become the most important link of express service providers, and it is also the most urgent need to optimize the link. In order to optimize the "last kilometer" distribution, according to the customer's demand for terminal distribution, this paper makes an investigation and statistical analysis, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing distribution mode under the premise of satisfying the customer's demand. The terminal distribution mode of take-away separation is proposed. Specifically, the main research contents are as follows: first, through a large number of reading literature and current reports, the paper systematically analyzes the domestic and foreign terminal distribution status and delivery mode adopted by express service providers, synthesizing the external environment of terminal distribution, customer demand characteristics. The applicability of the model, the advantages and disadvantages of the model. It is concluded that the current distribution mode is divided into two categories, namely, direct distribution mode (Directly deliver,DD) and independent delivery mode (Self-servicePickup,SP), which provides a theoretical reference for the study of terminal distribution mode. Secondly, from the point of view of practical problems, this paper analyzes, classifies and optimizes the needs of express service providers, regional customers and express terminal distribution by combining theory with investigation. By issuing paid questionnaires on the Internet, visiting company B, a courier service provider in Haidian District, collecting reliable data and information, crossing the investigation data, clustering analysis, dividing groups according to the regional functional characteristics and the professional characteristics of customers, It provides the data basis for putting forward the terminal distribution mode of take-away separation. Furthermore, the cost content, influencing factors, optimization principle and optimization scheme are determined. Based on the actual investigation and the existing optimization theory, the text core optimization model is proposed, and the terminal delivery model (the model of separating directly deliver and self-pickup in terminal delivery)., which takes the minimum cost as the goal, is proposed. From the point of view of demand, this model can reduce the secondary delivery rate and reduce the total cost of distribution by distance from the probability distribution of regional demand to meet the needs of regional customers. According to the obvious scale benefit, cost saving and the advantage of improving the distribution efficiency of the current independent delivery mode, the package should be distributed as far as possible under the premise of satisfying the customer's demand. The model separates the constraints of DD and SP, and applies the two-layer coding method of genetic algorithm to solve the problem. Finally, the correctness of the model and the efficiency of the algorithm are verified. The example shows that the cost of the model is about 23% lower than that of the traditional model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F259.2

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