本文選題：宏觀調(diào)控　切入點(diǎn)：房地產(chǎn)　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)作為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要一環(huán)持續(xù)處于高熱狀態(tài),人民群眾對(duì)于房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的關(guān)注度迅速上升,具體表現(xiàn)在房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目銷售迅猛增長(zhǎng),各地房?jī)r(jià)地價(jià)出現(xiàn)爆發(fā)式上漲。房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展一方面拉動(dòng)了內(nèi)需,支撐了國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展;但另一方面也帶來了房?jī)r(jià)過高、信貸杠桿水平高、金融泡沫可能性增強(qiáng)等不利局面。在此情況下中國(guó)政府?dāng)?shù)年來因地制宜,根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)具體情形出臺(tái)了如:金融政策、稅收政策、土地政策、保障房政策等一系列宏觀調(diào)控政策對(duì)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行宏觀調(diào)控。中國(guó)政府采取中央政府制定宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo),地方政府具體執(zhí)行,并承擔(dān)問責(zé)的調(diào)控模式。但是近20年房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的宏觀調(diào)控發(fā)現(xiàn),部分調(diào)控措施取得不錯(cuò)的效果,部分卻并沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期目標(biāo),這樣的結(jié)果顯示我國(guó)的宏觀調(diào)控措施仍不完善,還有進(jìn)一步研究提升探索的空間。本文從公共政策的角度出發(fā),以中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)中歷年宏觀調(diào)控政策為研究對(duì)象,將中國(guó)房產(chǎn)調(diào)控政策從歷史上五個(gè)階段進(jìn)行了梳理研究,并分別對(duì)宏觀調(diào)控政策的實(shí)施情況、實(shí)施效果進(jìn)行了多方面的比較。在此基礎(chǔ)上通過分析研判,總結(jié)出中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控是呈"寬嚴(yán)相間,階段變換"的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),同時(shí)對(duì)各階段的具體政策研究發(fā)現(xiàn),房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)中寬松的調(diào)控政策基本可以實(shí)現(xiàn)政策目標(biāo),住房?jī)r(jià)格會(huì)在調(diào)控措施的引導(dǎo)下呈現(xiàn)上漲趨勢(shì);但是嚴(yán)厲緊縮的調(diào)控政策卻并沒有很好地完成政策目標(biāo),即使在緊縮政策的引導(dǎo)下,住房?jī)r(jià)格仍然逆政策上揚(yáng)。在總結(jié)歷年房地產(chǎn)調(diào)控經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,本文通過對(duì)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的政策制定、政策執(zhí)行、政策所處外部環(huán)境等進(jìn)行深入探討,探索了其對(duì)調(diào)控政策實(shí)施效果的影響,得出房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控政策可能存在的問題。在政策制定方面,探究了制定政策的主體過多,調(diào)控內(nèi)容過于片面,調(diào)控范圍較為單一,調(diào)控手段較少,調(diào)控程序并不完備等影響因素;在政策執(zhí)行方面,探究了中央政府和地方政府在宏觀政策調(diào)控中的權(quán)責(zé)關(guān)系,及地方政府之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)政策執(zhí)行出現(xiàn)偏差是由于雙方進(jìn)行利益博弈的結(jié)果。在政策環(huán)境方面,全面分析了市場(chǎng)中存在的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展壓力、社會(huì)輿論壓力、歷史文化壓力等等,并探究了各種外部環(huán)境因素對(duì)調(diào)控政策產(chǎn)生的影響。最后,根據(jù)上文提出的問題,本文提出了對(duì)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)宏觀調(diào)控進(jìn)行優(yōu)化的建議,希望通過提出的改進(jìn)措施,給下一輪房地產(chǎn)調(diào)控提供部分參考思路。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, the real estate market, as an important part of the national economy, continues to be in a state of high heat, and the people's attention to the real estate industry is rising rapidly.Specific performance in the rapid growth of real estate project sales, prices and land prices around the explosive rise.On the one hand, the development of the real estate market has stimulated domestic demand and supported the rapid development of the national economy; on the other hand, it has also brought about an unfavorable situation, such as high house prices, high level of credit leverage, and strengthening the possibility of financial bubble.Under these circumstances, the Chinese government has adopted a series of macro-control policies, such as financial policy, tax policy, land policy, indemnificatory apartment policy and so on, to control the market according to the specific conditions of the real estate market at that time.The Chinese government adopts a central government-set macro-control target, local governments to implement, and assume accountability for regulation and control model.However, in the past 20 years, the macro-control of the real estate market has found that some of the control measures have achieved good results, while some of them have not achieved the expected goal. This result shows that the macro-control measures in our country are still not perfect.There is also room for further research and exploration.From the perspective of public policy, this paper studies the macro-control policies in China's real estate market from five stages in history, and analyzes the implementation of macro-control policies in China's real estate market.The effect of implementation is compared in many aspects.On the basis of the analysis and judgment, it is concluded that the regulation and control of China's real estate market is the trend of "wide and strict, phase transformation", and at the same time, the research on the specific policies of each stage reveals that,Loose regulation and control policies in the real estate market can basically achieve the policy objectives, and housing prices will show an upward trend under the guidance of regulatory measures. However, the strict tightening of control policies has not fulfilled the policy objectives very well.Even under the guidance of austerity policies, housing prices still reverse the policy rise.On the basis of summarizing the experience of real estate regulation and control over the years, this paper probes into the influence of the policy making, policy implementation and the external environment of the real estate market on the effect of the implementation of the regulation and control policy.Draw the real estate market regulation policy may exist problems.In the aspect of policy making, this paper probes into the influence factors such as too many subjects of policy making, too one-sided content of regulation and control, single scope of regulation and control, less means of regulation and control, incomplete control procedures, etc. In the aspect of policy implementation,This paper probes into the relationship between the power and responsibility of the central government and the local government in the macro-policy regulation and control, as well as the competitive relationship between the local government and the central government, and finds that the deviation of the policy implementation is the result of the benefit game between the two sides.In terms of policy environment, this paper comprehensively analyzes the economic development pressure, social public opinion pressure, historical and cultural pressure and so on in the market, and probes into the influence of various external environmental factors on the regulation and control policies.Finally, according to the above questions, this paper puts forward some suggestions to optimize the macro-control of the real estate market, hoping to provide some reference ideas for the next round of real estate regulation and control through the proposed improvement measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F299.23

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