政府主導的學前教育發(fā)展制度設計與選擇——以寧波市江北區(qū)慈城鎮(zhèn)為例
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-28 16:29
【摘要】：隨著《國家中長期教育改革與發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要(2010—2020)》與《國務院關于當前發(fā)展學前教育的基本意見》的頒布施行,可以預見學前教育必將在全國掀起新一輪的大發(fā)展,但要實現(xiàn)國家宏觀政策在基層地方的落實還需要進一步明確目標、細化政策。目前很多地方政府提出"以公辦幼兒園為主,以公辦教師為主,以公共財政投入為主"的"三為主"發(fā)展模式,應是也只能是學前教育基礎發(fā)展較好、公共財政保障能力較強的地方追求的目標,對于全國大多數(shù)地方來說,更需要考慮本地實際情況慎重選擇與實踐發(fā)展學前教育的制度模式。作為國家學前教育"明確政府責任"項目的改革試點城市,寧波市江北區(qū)慈城鎮(zhèn)積極探索更富彈性與可行性的學前教育發(fā)展"五.三"制度模式,可能更具示范價值與推廣價值。該制度設計在當前學前教育發(fā)展的五個重要方面都提出了三種選擇,而每個方面三種選擇的結構比例及以何者為重,都需要地方政府切實考慮當?shù)貙嶋H發(fā)展水平與需要來確定,不能盲目推行"以公為主"。具體而言,在探索解決辦園體制問題方面,該制度設計提出公辦幼兒園、普惠性民辦幼兒園、選擇性民辦幼兒園并舉的模式,通過大力發(fā)展前兩者建設"廣覆蓋,�；�"的學前教育公共服務體系,以滿足本區(qū)域所有適齡幼兒的入園需求;通過發(fā)展選擇性民辦幼兒園滿足群眾個性化的教育需求。在探索解決園舍建設這一當前學前教育發(fā)展的重中之重,優(yōu)先中之優(yōu)先問題時,該制度設計提出新建居住小區(qū)配套建設、新農(nóng)村建設中公共服務設施配套建設、中小學富余校舍改建三種途徑并行。在探索改革公共財政投入體制方面,該制度設計提出補教師、補幼兒、補幼兒園的三種方式,其實質是強調只有多方式多途徑的公共財政投入體制才能有效平衡公辦園與民辦園、公辦教師與非公辦教師、城鎮(zhèn)教師與山村教師、入讀公辦園幼兒和入讀民辦園幼兒等不同主體的利益。在探索改革學前教育成本分擔機制方面,該制度設計提出由縣(區(qū))財政、鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))財政、幼兒家庭三方共同分擔,并十分強調縣(區(qū))一級政府的財政投入責任,以徹底改變以往主要依靠財力相對薄弱的鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))一級政府舉辦幼兒教育的疲軟局面。在探索解決幼兒教師隊伍管理問題方面,該制度設計主張對公辦幼兒教師應堅決落實其公辦教師待遇;對目前實際存在的大多數(shù)非公辦幼兒教師,則應積極施行資格準入和注冊登記制,創(chuàng)造條件讓他們參加事業(yè)保險,并逐步實現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一工資標準,同時提供通過公開招考等途徑轉為公辦教師的機會。此外,還應允許幼兒園根據(jù)實際需要靈活聘用幼兒教師,以保持一定的幼兒教師進入與退出機制,保證幼兒教師隊伍的活力。
[Abstract]:With the promulgation and implementation of the outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Program (2010-2020) and the State Council's basic opinions on the current Development of Pre-school Education, it can be predicted that preschool education will surely lead to a new round of great development throughout the country. However, to realize the implementation of national macro-policy at the grass-roots level, it is necessary to further clarify the objectives and refine the policy. At present, many local governments have put forward a "three-oriented" development model of "focusing on public kindergartens, public teachers and public financial input", which should be or can only be a better foundation for pre-school education. For most parts of the country, it is necessary to carefully choose and practice the system mode of developing preschool education by considering the actual situation of the local government. As a pilot city for the reform of the national preschool education "clear government responsibility" project, the Cicheng Town of Jiangbei District of Ningbo City actively explores more flexible and feasible pre-school education development. Three "system model, may be more demonstration value and promotion value." The design of the system has put forward three choices in five important aspects of the current pre-school education development, and the structural ratio of the three choices in each area and what is the most important need to be determined by the local government taking into account the actual level and needs of the local development. We should not blindly carry out the principle of "focusing on the public". In particular, in exploring and solving the problems of running a kindergarten system, the design of the system puts forward a model of public kindergartens, inclusive private kindergartens and selective private kindergartens, which can be widely covered by the development of the former two types of kindergartens. (a) A basic "public service system for pre-school education to meet the needs of all children of appropriate age in the region"; Through the development of selective private kindergartens to meet the needs of the masses personalized education. In order to solve the most important and priority problems in the development of preschool education, the design of this system puts forward the construction of new residential district and the construction of public service facilities in the construction of new countryside. There are three ways to rebuild surplus school buildings in primary and secondary schools. In exploring the reform of the system of public financial input, the design of the system puts forward three ways to supplement teachers and kindergartens. Its essence is to emphasize that only a multi-way and multi-channel public financial input system can effectively balance public and private gardens, public teachers and non-public teachers, urban teachers and mountain village teachers. The interests of different subjects such as children in public kindergartens and children in private kindergartens. In exploring the reform of the cost-sharing mechanism for preschool education, the system is designed to be shared by county (district) finance, township (town) finance and young children's families, and emphasizes the responsibility of the county (district) government's financial input. In order to completely change the past rely on relatively weak financial resources township (township) level government to organize early childhood education weak situation. In the aspect of exploring and solving the problem of the management of preschool teachers, the design of this system advocates that the public teachers should be treated firmly. For the majority of non-public kindergarten teachers who actually exist at present, they should actively implement the qualification admission and registration system, create conditions for them to take part in the enterprise insurance, and gradually realize the uniform wage standard. At the same time, the opportunity to become a public teacher through open recruitment and other channels. In addition, kindergartens should be allowed to employ preschool teachers flexibly according to the actual needs, so as to maintain the mechanism of entry and withdrawal of kindergarten teachers and ensure the vitality of kindergarten teachers.
【作者單位】： 寧波市政府辦公廳教衛(wèi)處;寧波市江北區(qū)教育局;
【基金】：寧波市科學技術局立項課題“關于完善寧波學前教育體制機制的對策研究”(編號:201001A1011002)的階段性研究成果
【分類號】：G619.2
本文編號：2394177
[Abstract]:With the promulgation and implementation of the outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Program (2010-2020) and the State Council's basic opinions on the current Development of Pre-school Education, it can be predicted that preschool education will surely lead to a new round of great development throughout the country. However, to realize the implementation of national macro-policy at the grass-roots level, it is necessary to further clarify the objectives and refine the policy. At present, many local governments have put forward a "three-oriented" development model of "focusing on public kindergartens, public teachers and public financial input", which should be or can only be a better foundation for pre-school education. For most parts of the country, it is necessary to carefully choose and practice the system mode of developing preschool education by considering the actual situation of the local government. As a pilot city for the reform of the national preschool education "clear government responsibility" project, the Cicheng Town of Jiangbei District of Ningbo City actively explores more flexible and feasible pre-school education development. Three "system model, may be more demonstration value and promotion value." The design of the system has put forward three choices in five important aspects of the current pre-school education development, and the structural ratio of the three choices in each area and what is the most important need to be determined by the local government taking into account the actual level and needs of the local development. We should not blindly carry out the principle of "focusing on the public". In particular, in exploring and solving the problems of running a kindergarten system, the design of the system puts forward a model of public kindergartens, inclusive private kindergartens and selective private kindergartens, which can be widely covered by the development of the former two types of kindergartens. (a) A basic "public service system for pre-school education to meet the needs of all children of appropriate age in the region"; Through the development of selective private kindergartens to meet the needs of the masses personalized education. In order to solve the most important and priority problems in the development of preschool education, the design of this system puts forward the construction of new residential district and the construction of public service facilities in the construction of new countryside. There are three ways to rebuild surplus school buildings in primary and secondary schools. In exploring the reform of the system of public financial input, the design of the system puts forward three ways to supplement teachers and kindergartens. Its essence is to emphasize that only a multi-way and multi-channel public financial input system can effectively balance public and private gardens, public teachers and non-public teachers, urban teachers and mountain village teachers. The interests of different subjects such as children in public kindergartens and children in private kindergartens. In exploring the reform of the cost-sharing mechanism for preschool education, the system is designed to be shared by county (district) finance, township (town) finance and young children's families, and emphasizes the responsibility of the county (district) government's financial input. In order to completely change the past rely on relatively weak financial resources township (township) level government to organize early childhood education weak situation. In the aspect of exploring and solving the problem of the management of preschool teachers, the design of this system advocates that the public teachers should be treated firmly. For the majority of non-public kindergarten teachers who actually exist at present, they should actively implement the qualification admission and registration system, create conditions for them to take part in the enterprise insurance, and gradually realize the uniform wage standard. At the same time, the opportunity to become a public teacher through open recruitment and other channels. In addition, kindergartens should be allowed to employ preschool teachers flexibly according to the actual needs, so as to maintain the mechanism of entry and withdrawal of kindergarten teachers and ensure the vitality of kindergarten teachers.
【作者單位】： 寧波市政府辦公廳教衛(wèi)處;寧波市江北區(qū)教育局;
【基金】：寧波市科學技術局立項課題“關于完善寧波學前教育體制機制的對策研究”(編號:201001A1011002)的階段性研究成果
【分類號】：G619.2
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1 劉璐;蔡迎旗;;農(nóng)村“留守幼兒”問題解決中政府應承擔的責任[J];學前教育研究;2007年06期
2 張玉林;分級辦學制度下的教育資源分配與城鄉(xiāng)教育差距——關于教育機會均等問題的政治經(jīng)濟學探討[J];中國農(nóng)村觀察;2003年01期
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