5-6歲兒童計(jì)數(shù)能力與加減法運(yùn)算能力的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及關(guān)系研究
本文選題:5-6歲兒童 + 計(jì)數(shù)能力 ; 參考:《天津師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:本研究的目的是要考查5-6歲兒童計(jì)數(shù)能力和加減法運(yùn)算能力的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,以及這兩種數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知能力之間的關(guān)系。研究對(duì)象是從天津市三所普通幼兒園中的大班隨機(jī)選取166名兒童(5-6歲)。研究采取測(cè)查方法,計(jì)數(shù)能力的測(cè)查工具是根據(jù)趙振國(guó)數(shù)感測(cè)查工具中的幾部分及兒童計(jì)數(shù)能力發(fā)展水平改編而成的;加減法運(yùn)算能力的測(cè)查工具是根據(jù)兒童加減法運(yùn)算能力的發(fā)展水平編制而成的,通過信效度檢驗(yàn),改編后的工具均具有良好的信效度。研究用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法考查了 5-6歲兒童計(jì)數(shù)能力和加減法運(yùn)算能力的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r;采用多元方差分析考查了 5-6歲兒童這兩種數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知能力的性別差異問題;采用相關(guān)分析和多元回歸分析考查了 5-6歲兒童計(jì)數(shù)能力和加減法運(yùn)算能力之間的關(guān)系。最后討論了 5-6歲兒童計(jì)數(shù)能力和加減法運(yùn)算能力的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其之間關(guān)系的深層次原因和所蘊(yùn)含的教育意義。研究結(jié)論表明:5-6歲兒童的計(jì)數(shù)能力得到一定的發(fā)展,但并不如預(yù)期的好;數(shù)物對(duì)應(yīng)部分成績(jī)最好,其次是數(shù)目守恒和唱數(shù)部分;5-6歲兒童已經(jīng)具有一定的加減法運(yùn)算能力,并且加法成績(jī)要顯著好于減法成績(jī),兒童在進(jìn)行加減法運(yùn)算時(shí)能使用多種策略,使用頻率最高的是提取策略和數(shù)手指策略,其次是數(shù)數(shù)或倒數(shù)策略,分解策略、逆運(yùn)算策略使用相對(duì)較少;兒童的這兩種數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知能力都表現(xiàn)出顯著的性別差異,男孩成績(jī)要顯著高于女孩,不過性別并不是影響它們的主要因素;5-6歲兒童的計(jì)數(shù)能力和加減法運(yùn)算能力之間存在顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系;并且這兩種數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知能力相互間具有顯著的預(yù)測(cè)力。針對(duì)以上結(jié)論提出以下建議:突破表面和機(jī)械訓(xùn)練,靈活多樣地培養(yǎng)兒童的計(jì)數(shù)能力和加減法運(yùn)算能力;在日常生活中認(rèn)真觀察兒童,有針對(duì)性地教給兒童解決數(shù)學(xué)問題的方法;關(guān)注學(xué)前兒童各種數(shù)學(xué)能力之間的關(guān)系,促進(jìn)其數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知能力的整體發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of counting and addition and subtraction abilities of children aged 5-6 and the relationship between them.A total of 166 children aged 5-6 years were randomly selected from large classes in three ordinary kindergartens in Tianjin.The research adopts the method of measuring and checking. The tool of counting ability is adapted according to several parts of Zhao Zhenguo's number sensing tool and the development level of children's counting ability.The testing tool of addition and subtraction ability is compiled according to the development level of children's addition and subtraction operation ability. Through the reliability and validity test, the adapted tools have good reliability and validity.The development of counting and addition and subtraction abilities of children aged 5-6 years was investigated by descriptive statistical method, and the gender differences of mathematical cognitive abilities of children aged 5-6 years were examined by multivariate analysis of variance.Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to study the relationship between counting ability and addition and subtraction ability of children aged 5-6 years.Finally, the paper discusses the development of counting ability and addition and subtraction ability of children aged 5 to 6, the deep reasons of the relationship and the educational significance.The results show that the counting ability of children aged 5 to 6 has developed to a certain extent, but it is not as good as expected; the corresponding parts of numbers are the best, followed by the conservation of numbers and the number of singing parts of children aged 5 to 6 already have a certain ability to add and subtract.Children can use a variety of strategies in addition and subtraction operations, the highest frequency of the use of the extraction strategy and finger strategy, followed by the number or reciprocal strategy, decomposition strategy.The use of inverse arithmetic strategies was relatively low; the two mathematical cognitive abilities of children showed significant gender differences, and boys' scores were significantly higher than those of girls.However, gender is not the main factor affecting them. There is a significant correlation between the counting ability and the addition and subtraction ability of children aged 5-6, and the two kinds of mathematical cognitive ability have significant predictive power to each other.In view of the above conclusions, the following suggestions are put forward: breaking through surface and mechanical training, training children's counting ability and addition and subtraction ability flexibly, observing children carefully in daily life,It aims at teaching children the methods of solving mathematical problems, paying attention to the relationship between various mathematical abilities of preschool children, and promoting the overall development of their mathematical cognitive ability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:G613.4
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