本文選題：政府 + 教育服務　； 參考：《華東師范大學》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：政府購買教育服務是20世紀80年代以來西方國家向社會公眾提供教育服務的形式之一。近幾年來,我國的一些地區(qū)開始了政府購買教育服務的相關探索。雖然目前我國政府購買教育服務還沒有成為一個普遍性的、全局性的政策問題,但從教育政策學的視角出發(fā),主動地、預先地對我國基礎教育階段政府購買教育服務的現(xiàn)在與未來、實然與應然進行研究,對于豐富和發(fā)展政府購買教育服務的相關理論,為我國政府購買教育服務政策的實施和推廣提供借鑒與參照等都具有重要的意義。 政府購買教育服務是政府與各類社會組織簽訂契約,根據(jù)對社會組織所提供教育服務的評估,以公共財政全部或部分支付其費用,目的在于向社會公眾提供優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、可選擇的教育服務。政府購買教育服務的本質(zhì)特征在于：政府在教育服務提供中實現(xiàn)了“生產(chǎn)者”與“提供者”的分離,政府與社會組織之間的關系在本質(zhì)上是一種以“契約”為基礎的商品交換關系。 政府購買教育服務得以成立的理論前提有：政府的教育治理模式應逐步走向“政府—公民社會—市場”三元教育治理模式；教育領域存在市場并可引入市場機制,但教育市場具有其特殊性；教育服務可分為公共教育服務、準公共教育服務和私人教育服務,向社會提供公共教育服務和準公共教育服務是政府的基本職能；政府是否購買教育服務取決于此類教育服務是否是(準)公共教育服務,是否是政府的基本職能,取決于政府與社會組織提供,誰更有效率,取決于此類教育服務的提供是不是政府的核心教育職能。 通過對國內(nèi)外政府購買教育服務政策的考察與研究,筆者認為政府購買教育服務政策有效實施需具備幾個條件：政府對政府、市場和學校之間的定位與職能分工要有清晰地認識,政府教育職能的模式應是“小政府—大社會”；教育市場要充分發(fā)育；教育中介組織的發(fā)展與壯大以及教育行政人員能力的提高。我國目前實施和推廣政府購買教育服務政策在技術、經(jīng)濟、政治及行政等方面已具有了一定的可行性,但政策的有效實施還存在以下一些問題：政府教育職能的轉(zhuǎn)變尚任重而道遠,教育中介組織的發(fā)展尚在“蹣跚學步”,政策法規(guī)的相對滯后,傳統(tǒng)文化觀念有待改變等。 伴隨著我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的不斷完善,公民社會力量的逐漸強大,教育體制改革的深化,政府購買教育服務政策可能會成為今后我國逐步實施推廣的政策之一。但基礎教育是準公共產(chǎn)品的屬性決定了政府始終是基礎教育的主要舉辦者和責任人。在基礎教育階段,購買教育服務應成為政府直接生產(chǎn)教育服務的有益補充,政府通過購買教育服務的政策手段來更好地滿足社會公眾個性化的、多層次的教育需求。同時,未來政府購買教育服務政策的實施和推廣需建立和完善相關的政策法規(guī),比如,修訂《民辦非企業(yè)單位登記管理暫行條例》等現(xiàn)有的規(guī)范民間組織的相關法律政策,建立政府購買教育服務的質(zhì)量標準、招投標機制、財政保障制度,形成多方位的監(jiān)管體系等。我國政府購買教育服務政策的實施與推廣應加強社會輿論的引導與宣傳。政策實施和推廣的過程應是一個漸進的過程。在政策實施過程中,要對政策的實施限度有充分的預期。
[Abstract]:The government's purchase of educational services is one of the forms that western countries have provided education services to the public since 1980s. In recent years, some areas of our country have begun to explore the government's educational services. Although the government's purchase of educational services has not become a universal and global policy problem at present, From the perspective of educational policy, the present and the future of the government purchase education service in the basic education stage of our country are studied actively and in advance. The theory of enriching and developing the government to purchase educational services and providing reference and reference for the implementation and promotion of the government's education service policy are provided. It is of great significance.
The government's purchase of educational services is a contract between the government and various social organizations. According to the assessment of the educational services provided by the social organization, the total or part of the public finance is paid for its expenses. The purpose is to provide the public with high quality, high efficiency and optional educational services. The essential feature of the government's education service is that the government is teaching. In the provision of service, the separation of "producer" and "provider" is realized. The relationship between government and social organization is essentially a kind of commodity exchange relationship based on "contract".
The theoretical premise of the establishment of the government's educational services is that the government's educational governance model should gradually move towards the three yuan education governance model of "government civil society market", the market in the field of education and the introduction of market mechanism, but the education market has its particularity; the education service can be divided into public education service and quasi public education. The basic functions of the government are the provision of public education services and quasi public education services to the society. Whether the government buys educational services depends on whether such services are (quasi) public education services and whether it is the basic function of the government, depending on the government and social organizations, who are more efficient and depend on them. The provision of such educational services is not the core educational function of the government.
Through the investigation and Research on the government's policy of purchasing education service at home and abroad, the author thinks that the government should have several conditions for the effective implementation of the educational service policy. The government should have a clear understanding of the government, the position and the division of labor between the market and the schools, and the mode of the government's educational function should be "small government big society"; The market needs to be fully developed, the development and expansion of the educational intermediary organizations and the improvement of the ability of the educational administrative personnel. The implementation and promotion of the government's educational service policy in China at present has been feasible in technical, economic, political and administrative aspects. However, the following problems still exist in the effective implementation of the policy: the government education service. The transformation of education is still a long way to go. The development of educational intermediary organizations is still in a "toddler" policy, laws and regulations are lagging behind, and traditional cultural concepts need to be changed.
With the continuous improvement of the socialist market economy in China, the gradual strengthening of the civil society strength and the deepening of the reform of the educational system, the government's policy to purchase education service may become one of the policies to be gradually implemented and popularized in our country in the future. But the genera of the quasi public goods determines that the government is always the main lifting of the basic education. At the stage of basic education, the purchase of educational services should be a beneficial supplement to the government's direct production education service. The government can better meet the individualized and multi-level educational needs of the public through the policies and means of buying educational services. At the same time, the implementation and promotion of the future government purchase education service policy needs to be established. And perfecting relevant policies and regulations, for example, revising the relevant legal policies of the existing non-governmental non enterprise units on the temporary regulation of registration and management, establishing the quality standards for the government to purchase education services, bidding mechanism, financial security system, and forming a multi-directional regulatory system. The implementation and promotion should strengthen the guidance and propaganda of social public opinion. The process of policy implementation and promotion should be a gradual process. In the process of policy implementation, the implementation limit of the policy should be fully expected.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：G521

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本文編號：2105811