本文選題：小學(xué)方程　切入點(diǎn)：思想方法　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：新的課程改革背景之下，中小學(xué)教育的理念有許多新的取向。在數(shù)學(xué)教育上，重視教學(xué)過程，重視讓學(xué)生掌握一定的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法，進(jìn)而形成學(xué)生良好的邏輯思維能力，這已然在很多數(shù)學(xué)教師的教學(xué)中得到體現(xiàn)。而在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中，方程是初步學(xué)習(xí)和滲透方程思想的重要階段。本論文試圖選取小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)名師方程教學(xué)的課例，透視其課例中所滲透的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法，旨在讓廣大的數(shù)學(xué)教師能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到數(shù)學(xué)思想對(duì)于學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)能力及思維品質(zhì)的形成有重要意義。同時(shí)，對(duì)廣大教師的方程教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)有借鑒價(jià)值。 本文通過搜集有關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)資料并對(duì)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)名師方程教學(xué)的課例進(jìn)行觀察的基礎(chǔ)上，形成課堂實(shí)錄，以課堂實(shí)錄為研究對(duì)象對(duì)方程教學(xué)的實(shí)施過程進(jìn)行分析研究，以此為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)小學(xué)教師在進(jìn)行方程教學(xué)時(shí)如何進(jìn)行思想方法的指導(dǎo)提供一定的建議和策略。 論文的內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾個(gè)部分： 第一部分是引言。該部分是論文研究的基礎(chǔ)，交代了選題的原因及意義、核心概念的界定、文獻(xiàn)綜述和研究方法。其中選題原因主要從三個(gè)層面做了分析，選題的意義從教師和學(xué)生兩個(gè)層面做了說明。界定了方程、方程教學(xué)和方程教學(xué)思想三個(gè)核心概念。在文獻(xiàn)綜述部分從兩個(gè)層面對(duì)有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)思想方法的研究做了總結(jié)，并根據(jù)具體情況選擇了合適的研究方法。 第二部分是論文研究的理論支撐部分。該部分具體闡述了小學(xué)方程教學(xué)中常用的思想方法，如模型思想、化歸或者轉(zhuǎn)化思想、符號(hào)化思想、數(shù)形結(jié)合思想、歸納思想。 第三部分是論文研究的核心部分。該部分選取了小學(xué)方程教學(xué)中三個(gè)具有代表性的課例，如“用字母表示數(shù)”、“方程的意義”、“解決問題”。通過分析三個(gè)連貫完整的具體課例來探究在小學(xué)方程教學(xué)中如何進(jìn)行思想方法的指導(dǎo)和滲透，，使本文研究更加全面。 第四部分是對(duì)論文的總結(jié)和建議。試圖在課例研究的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)小學(xué)方程教學(xué)思想方法提出具有針對(duì)性的教學(xué)策略和教學(xué)建議。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the new curriculum reform, the idea of primary and secondary education has many new orientations.In mathematics education, we attach importance to the teaching process, to let the students master certain mathematical thinking methods, and then to form the students' good logical thinking ability, which has been reflected in the teaching of many mathematics teachers.In primary school mathematics teaching, equation is an important stage of preliminary study and infiltration of equation thought.This paper attempts to select the class examples of equation teaching in primary school mathematics teachers, and see through the mathematical thinking methods permeated by the examples.The purpose of this paper is to make mathematics teachers realize that mathematics thought is of great significance to the formation of students' mathematics ability and thinking quality.At the same time, it has reference value to the teachers' equation teaching design.On the basis of collecting relevant documents and observing the teaching examples of equations in mathematics teachers in primary schools, this paper forms the classroom record, and takes classroom record as the research object to analyze and study the implementation process of equation teaching.On the basis of this, some suggestions and strategies are provided for elementary school teachers how to guide their thinking methods in the process of equation teaching.The content of the thesis mainly includes the following parts:The first part is the introduction.This part is the basis of the thesis, explaining the reasons and significance of the topic, the definition of core concepts, literature review and research methods.The reason of selecting the topic is analyzed from three levels, and the significance of the topic is explained from two aspects: teacher and student.Three core concepts of equation, equation teaching and equation teaching are defined.In the part of literature review, the author summarizes the research of mathematics teaching methods from two aspects, and selects the appropriate research methods according to the specific situation.The second part is the theoretical support part of the thesis.In this part, the author expatiates on the thought methods commonly used in the elementary school equation teaching, such as the model thought, the transformation thought, the symbolic thought, the combination of number and form thought, and the inductive thought.The third part is the core part of the thesis.In this part, three typical examples in equation teaching in primary school are selected, such as "number represented by letter", "meaning of equation" and "problem solving".Through the analysis of three coherent and complete concrete lesson examples to explore how to guide and infiltrate the ideological methods in the elementary school equation teaching, the study of this paper is more comprehensive.The fourth part is the summary and suggestion of the thesis.On the basis of the case study, this paper attempts to put forward some teaching strategies and teaching suggestions on the ideological methods of equation teaching in primary schools.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G623.5

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