吉林省足球裁判員體能影響因素及提高路徑研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-12 04:50
【摘要】：從第一個裁判員出現(xiàn)在足球賽場上,至今已有100多年的歷史了。一個多世紀以來,裁判員已成為綠茵場上不可缺少的重要角色,他們矯健的身影和瀟灑的判罰始終吸引著球迷的視線。隨著我國將足球運動的發(fā)展定為“國策”,中超、中甲、中乙以及U系列等足球比賽的質量也在日益提高,對于足球裁判員體能水平的要求也勢必隨之增加。因此,解決好足球裁判員體能不足的問題,加強裁判隊伍建設,迅速提高各級別裁判員的素質,不僅能滿足當前足球競賽日益增多的需求,更是中國足球事業(yè)發(fā)展中的一個重要板塊。有鑒于此,本研究運用文獻法、問卷調查法、專家訪談法、德爾菲法以及數理統(tǒng)計法對吉林省足球裁判員體能水平現(xiàn)狀進行調查,尋找出了影響吉林省足球裁判員體能的14個主要影響因素(詳見附件二),并得出以下結論:(一)提取的主要公共潛因子有:體能訓練因子、外部環(huán)境因子、健康引導因子以及內部影響因子構成。在4大公共潛因子中,體能訓練因子對吉林省足球裁判員體能水平影響的權重最大,其包含的影響指標中,對體能訓練因子的的權重排序是:體能訓練計劃制定/體能訓練時間安排體能訓練內容選擇體能訓練負荷控制體能訓練方法手段訓練后的營養(yǎng)恢復。外部環(huán)境因子的權重排在第二位,各因素對外部環(huán)境因子權重的大小依次是:裁判員管理制度裁判員體能測試標準所在地區(qū)足球運動開展情況。健康引導因子的權重排在第三位,各因素的權重依次為:不良的生活習慣運動損傷防護裁判員身體形態(tài)。內部影響因子權重系數最小,其涵蓋的因素排序為:體能訓練動機執(zhí)法比賽級別。(二)調查發(fā)現(xiàn)裁判員體能訓練計劃缺乏系統(tǒng)性、科學性,體能訓練時間分配不合理,訓練內容滿足不了實際需求,訓練方法手段單一,不重視訓練后的恢復過程是制約吉林省足球裁判員體能水平的重要影響因素。(三)從外部環(huán)境方面看,吉林省內各地區(qū)足球運動發(fā)展水平參差不齊,裁判員管理體制尚需完善,體能測試內容和標準有待改進也是另一個重要的影響因素。(四)吉林省足球裁判員身體形態(tài)較好,但裁判員普遍存在有傷病史和生活不規(guī)律,這也影響到了裁判員正常的體能訓練。(五)從裁判員自身來看,裁判員對體能訓練的重要程度達成了共識,其目的多是為通過體能測試,裁判員執(zhí)裁比賽級別越高對其體能水平的要求也越高。針對影響吉林省足球裁判員體能水平的主要影響因素,筆者提出以下幾點優(yōu)化建議:(一)完善評價機制,加強檔案管理;(二)整合優(yōu)勢資源,加強培訓力度;(三)革新測試內容,優(yōu)化測試標準;(四)樹立健康意識,改善生活方式。
[Abstract]:It has been more than 100 years since the first referee appeared on the football field. For more than a century, referees have become an indispensable and important role in the green field, their vigorous figure and chic judgment have always attracted the attention of fans. With the development of football as "national policy" in our country, the quality of football matches such as China Super League, China A, China B and U series is also improving day by day, and the requirements for the physical fitness level of football referees are bound to increase. Therefore, solving the problem of insufficient physical fitness of football referees, strengthening the construction of referees and rapidly improving the quality of referees at all levels can not only meet the increasing demand of current football competitions, but also be an important part of the development of Chinese football. In view of this, this study uses literature method, questionnaire survey method, expert interview method, Delphi method and mathematical statistics method to investigate the current situation of physical fitness of football referees in Jilin Province, and finds out 14 main influencing factors that affect the physical fitness of football referees in Jilin Province (see annex 2 for details), and draws the following conclusions: (1) the main public potential factors extracted are: physical training factors, external environmental factors, The composition of health guidance factors and internal influencing factors. Among the four public potential factors, the physical training factor has the greatest influence on the physical fitness level of football referees in Jilin Province. Among the influencing indexes, the weight order of the physical training factors is as follows: the physical training plan is drawn up / the physical training time arrangement is the physical training content, the physical training load control physical training method and the nutritional recovery after the training. The weight of external environmental factors ranks second, and the weight of each factor to external environmental factors is in turn: the development of football in the area where the referee's physical fitness test standard is located. The weight of health guidance factor ranks third, and the weight of each factor in turn is: bad living habits, sports injury protection referee body shape. The weight coefficient of internal influencing factors is the smallest, and the order of factors covered is: physical training motivation law enforcement competition level. (2) it is found that the physical training plan of referees is not systematic, scientific, the distribution of physical training time is unreasonable, the training content can not meet the actual needs, the training method and means are single, and the lack of attention to the recovery process after training is an important influencing factor restricting the physical fitness level of football referees in Jilin Province. (3) from the point of view of external environment, the development level of football in Jilin Province is uneven, the management system of referees still needs to be improved, and the contents and standards of physical fitness test need to be improved is also another important influencing factor. (4) the body shape of football referees in Jilin Province is good, but referees generally have a history of injury and irregular life, which also affects the normal physical training of referees. (5) from the referee's own point of view, the referee has reached a consensus on the importance of physical training, the purpose of which is to pass the physical fitness test, the higher the referee's competition level, the higher the requirement for his physical fitness level. In view of the main influencing factors affecting the physical fitness level of football referees in Jilin Province, the author puts forward the following optimization suggestions: (1) perfecting the evaluation mechanism and strengthening the file management; (2) integrating the superior resources and strengthening the training; (3) innovating the test contents and optimizing the test standards; (4) establishing the health consciousness and improving the life style.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G843
本文編號：2497750
[Abstract]:It has been more than 100 years since the first referee appeared on the football field. For more than a century, referees have become an indispensable and important role in the green field, their vigorous figure and chic judgment have always attracted the attention of fans. With the development of football as "national policy" in our country, the quality of football matches such as China Super League, China A, China B and U series is also improving day by day, and the requirements for the physical fitness level of football referees are bound to increase. Therefore, solving the problem of insufficient physical fitness of football referees, strengthening the construction of referees and rapidly improving the quality of referees at all levels can not only meet the increasing demand of current football competitions, but also be an important part of the development of Chinese football. In view of this, this study uses literature method, questionnaire survey method, expert interview method, Delphi method and mathematical statistics method to investigate the current situation of physical fitness of football referees in Jilin Province, and finds out 14 main influencing factors that affect the physical fitness of football referees in Jilin Province (see annex 2 for details), and draws the following conclusions: (1) the main public potential factors extracted are: physical training factors, external environmental factors, The composition of health guidance factors and internal influencing factors. Among the four public potential factors, the physical training factor has the greatest influence on the physical fitness level of football referees in Jilin Province. Among the influencing indexes, the weight order of the physical training factors is as follows: the physical training plan is drawn up / the physical training time arrangement is the physical training content, the physical training load control physical training method and the nutritional recovery after the training. The weight of external environmental factors ranks second, and the weight of each factor to external environmental factors is in turn: the development of football in the area where the referee's physical fitness test standard is located. The weight of health guidance factor ranks third, and the weight of each factor in turn is: bad living habits, sports injury protection referee body shape. The weight coefficient of internal influencing factors is the smallest, and the order of factors covered is: physical training motivation law enforcement competition level. (2) it is found that the physical training plan of referees is not systematic, scientific, the distribution of physical training time is unreasonable, the training content can not meet the actual needs, the training method and means are single, and the lack of attention to the recovery process after training is an important influencing factor restricting the physical fitness level of football referees in Jilin Province. (3) from the point of view of external environment, the development level of football in Jilin Province is uneven, the management system of referees still needs to be improved, and the contents and standards of physical fitness test need to be improved is also another important influencing factor. (4) the body shape of football referees in Jilin Province is good, but referees generally have a history of injury and irregular life, which also affects the normal physical training of referees. (5) from the referee's own point of view, the referee has reached a consensus on the importance of physical training, the purpose of which is to pass the physical fitness test, the higher the referee's competition level, the higher the requirement for his physical fitness level. In view of the main influencing factors affecting the physical fitness level of football referees in Jilin Province, the author puts forward the following optimization suggestions: (1) perfecting the evaluation mechanism and strengthening the file management; (2) integrating the superior resources and strengthening the training; (3) innovating the test contents and optimizing the test standards; (4) establishing the health consciousness and improving the life style.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G843
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