【摘要】：本文以我國備戰(zhàn)和參加2016年里約奧運會優(yōu)秀女子鉛球集訓(xùn)隊隊員的投擲技術(shù)為研究對象,其中部分集訓(xùn)隊員達(dá)到了里約奧運會的A標(biāo),并參加了里約奧運會的及格賽,特別是鞏立姣在2015年北京田徑世錦賽鉛球項目決賽中取得了20.30m的好成績。本文運用文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家訪談法、生物力學(xué)測試法、生物力學(xué)解析法等研究方法,對我國備戰(zhàn)里約奧運會女子鉛球集訓(xùn)隊員推鉛球技術(shù)動作主要肌肉的用力特征和技術(shù)表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了研究,旨在通過對集訓(xùn)隊員推鉛球技術(shù)的分析和診斷,找出集訓(xùn)隊員各自技術(shù)特點及存在問題的主要原因,用于指導(dǎo)備戰(zhàn)期的訓(xùn)練實踐,為集訓(xùn)隊員在2016年里約奧運會上取得好成績提供技術(shù)上的支持,主要研究結(jié)論如下:1滑步階段集訓(xùn)隊員下肢右側(cè)三個主要關(guān)節(jié)的最大速度依次為:右踝右膝右髖,這一規(guī)律符合滑步階段“短、平、快”的原則;郭甜茜滑步階段滑步距離較短;鞏立姣應(yīng)在現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)與專項意識上適當(dāng)增加滑步距離。2鞏立姣滑步階段具有用時較長,滑步距離短,擺蹬技術(shù)比較流暢的技術(shù)特點;卞卡滑步階段上體抬起較早,右髖發(fā)力過早,最后用力效果不理想;高陽和郭甜茜超越器械姿勢形成不充分,導(dǎo)致滑步階段所獲得的速度在最后用力階段有一定幅度的下降;滑步階段軀干前傾角度的大小與身體重心速度的變化呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。3過渡階段由單支撐轉(zhuǎn)為雙支撐的過程中,卞卡對鉛球的加速情況相對較好,但滑步階段結(jié)束進(jìn)入過渡階段時,卞卡向投擲方向轉(zhuǎn)體過早;高陽和郭甜茜2名集訓(xùn)隊員從右腳著地到左腳著地瞬間鉛球速度沒升反而下降了,導(dǎo)致滑步階段獲得的鉛球速度未得到充分利用。4最后用力階段鞏立姣的出手速度較為理想,但4名集訓(xùn)隊員出手速度與我國前優(yōu)秀女子鉛球運動員李梅素、黃志紅相比還存在一定的差距,出手角度也仍需改善,但出手角度并不是越大越好。5肌力測試結(jié)果表明,4名集訓(xùn)隊員中成績最好的鞏立姣,膝關(guān)節(jié)屈、伸時力量并不是最大的;膝關(guān)節(jié)做等速屈膝與伸膝時,卞卡、高陽、郭甜茜相比于鞏立姣膝關(guān)節(jié)屈與伸力量不弱,這也從側(cè)面反映出了3位集訓(xùn)隊員推鉛球技術(shù)動作存在的不足之處;我國女子鉛球集訓(xùn)隊想在里約奧運會上取得理想成績,教練團(tuán)隊就應(yīng)在集訓(xùn)隊員技術(shù)穩(wěn)定的前提下,增加4名集訓(xùn)隊員膝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸動作的力量,為集訓(xùn)隊員更好的形成投擲前的側(cè)弓形與反弓形用力姿勢提供有力支撐,以達(dá)到盡可能彌補(bǔ)與國外現(xiàn)役優(yōu)秀女子鉛球運動員身體素質(zhì)差距的目的。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the throwing techniques of the elite women's shot put team members in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, some of whom have reached the A-mark of the Rio Olympic Games, and have participated in the passing competition of the Rio Olympic Games. In particular, Gong Lijiao achieved a good result of 20.30 m in the final of shot put of Beijing World Athletics Championships in 2015. This paper uses the methods of literature, expert interview, biomechanical testing, biomechanical analysis, and so on. This paper studies the exertion characteristics and technical performance of the main muscles of the women's shot put training team members in the preparation for the Rio Olympic Games in China. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and diagnose the shot putting technique of the women's shot put players in preparation for the Rio Olympic Games. To find out the respective technical characteristics and the main reasons of the problems, to guide the training practice during the preparation period, and to provide technical support for the team members to achieve good results in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the maximum velocity of the three main joints of the right lower extremity in the sliding stage is: right ankle, right knee, right hip, this rule accords with the principle of "short, flat and fast" in the sliding stage; Gonglijiao should increase the distance of sliding step on the existing foundation and special consciousness. The upper body was raised earlier, the right hip developed early and the final exertion effect was not ideal in the stage of Benska slide, the posture of Gaoyang and Guo Tiexi overstepping the instrument was not sufficient, which resulted in the speed obtained in the sliding stage decreased to a certain extent in the final exertion stage. There is a positive correlation between the forward angle of the trunk and the velocity of the body gravity center in the sliding stage. 3 during the transition from single support to double support, the Bian card accelerates the shot put relatively well. However, when the sliding stage ends and enters the transition stage, the Benska turns to the throwing direction prematurely; Gaoyang and Guo Tiexi, two group members, did not rise in the shot put speed from the right foot to the left foot ground, but decreased in the instant, resulting in the shot put speed obtained in the sliding step phase was not fully utilized. 4 finally, Gong Lijiao's shot speed in the final exertion phase was relatively ideal. However, there is still a certain gap between the four team members' release speed and that of former excellent Chinese female shot put players Li Meisu and Huang Zhihong. The angle of release still needs to be improved, but the angle of release is not the bigger the better. 5 the result of muscle strength test shows that, Among the 4 group members, Gong Lijiao was the best, and the strength of knee flexion and extension was not the biggest. Compared with Gong Lijiao's knee flexion and extension strength, Bianca, Gao Yang and Guo Tianxi were not weak in knee joint flexion and extension at equal speed, which also reflected the shortcomings of three team members' shot-putting technique. If the Chinese women's shot put team wants to achieve the desired results in the Rio Olympic Games, the coaching team should increase the strength of the knee joint flexion and extension of the four group members on the premise of the technical stability of the training team members. In order to make up the gap of physical quality between foreign excellent female shot put athletes and foreign excellent female shot put athletes, we can provide a strong support for the formation of side bow and anti-bow force posture before throwing for the training team members in order to make up as far as possible the gap between them and foreign excellent female shot put athletes in active service.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G824.1

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