對腦癱青少年下肢柔韌性訓(xùn)練的運動生物力學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-12-08 13:50
【摘要】:腦癱是一種嚴(yán)重危害嬰幼兒的中樞性疾病。一般分為新生兒期、幼兒期、青少年期以及成年期,腦癱在不同時期有不同的表現(xiàn),在新生兒及幼兒期,主要表現(xiàn)在面部表情和動作上反應(yīng)遲鈍,關(guān)節(jié)伸縮僵硬,共濟失調(diào)。由于初始狀態(tài)表現(xiàn)不明顯,常常被忽略,錯過康復(fù)治療的最佳時機,如果當(dāng)腦癱患者在嬰幼兒時期,沒有得到及時的手術(shù)治療和康復(fù)訓(xùn)練的話,等長到青少年時期這種姿勢異常和運動障礙就更加的明顯,這會嚴(yán)重影響腦癱青少年的生活質(zhì)量,所以對腦癱青少年進行有針對性的運動干預(yù)顯得尤為重要。腦癱患者大多都有步行障礙,正常人步行時并不需要思考,而是由大腦支配的下意識活動,因為腦癱有中樞性的腦損傷,所以其步行就變的不那么簡單,走路姿勢出現(xiàn)異常,包括剪刀步走路姿勢,公雞步走路姿勢,鴨行步走路姿勢,跳躍步姿勢等。本文選取5名腦癱青少年(粗大功能分級為Ⅰ級和Ⅱ級)為實驗對象,通過運動學(xué)和壓力平板兩種方法,對腦癱患者進行下肢柔韌性運動干預(yù)前后的步態(tài)各項參數(shù)進行對比研究,對其后續(xù)的教育和康復(fù)提供幫助。本實驗共分三步。第一步:下肢柔韌訓(xùn)練前對5名腦癱青少年患者的運動學(xué)和足底總壓強各個數(shù)據(jù)進行采集、提取和分析。第二步:對測試對象進行下肢柔韌訓(xùn)練,時間為3個月。第三步:柔韌訓(xùn)練后,對其測試的腦癱學(xué)生進行運動生物力學(xué)各參數(shù)的提取和分析,驗證柔韌訓(xùn)練對其步態(tài)有無改善。柔韌訓(xùn)練后,腦癱受試者的步態(tài)周期、擺動期比訓(xùn)練前都有不同程度的縮短,而且其柔韌訓(xùn)練后的擺動期、單支撐期與訓(xùn)練前均具有顯著性差異,與正常青少年無顯著性差異,腦癱受試者的左、右步長,左、右步向角都在其自身的基礎(chǔ)上有所改善,腦癱受試者訓(xùn)練前重患側(cè)下肢膝角-大腿角、膝角-小腿角在形狀上與正常青少年的相差很大,在訓(xùn)練后前者近似左小括號“(”、后者近似反寫的“9”,均朝著正常青少年的角-角圖形狀趨近。腦癱受試者柔韌性訓(xùn)練前左、右患側(cè)下肢支撐時足底7個分區(qū)總壓強雷達圖形狀與正常青少年的相差很大,在訓(xùn)練后近似向左傾斜的“8”,與正常青少年的雷達圖形狀靠近,且進一步計算Kendall’s W協(xié)同系數(shù)經(jīng)訓(xùn)練后得到較大提高,說明對踝關(guān)節(jié)的柔韌性訓(xùn)練可促進腦癱青少年重患側(cè)下肢支撐時足底壓力分布的合理性。提倡在對腦癱患者進行康復(fù)治療時,除了進行力量練習(xí)、靈敏練習(xí),還要進行柔韌素質(zhì)的練習(xí),特別是針對下肢的柔韌練習(xí)不能忽視,要注重下肢三大關(guān)節(jié)的康復(fù)矯正,如果能配合專業(yè)的腦癱康復(fù)儀器訓(xùn)練,效果會更好,在練習(xí)中要保護好腦癱患者的安全,不能使其受傷,在練習(xí)后要對腦癱青少年進行必要的拉伸放松和按摩處理,這樣會減少肌肉因在訓(xùn)練中造成的緊張和痙攣。
[Abstract]:Cerebral palsy is a kind of central disease that seriously endangers infants. Generally divided into neonatal period, early childhood, adolescence and adulthood, cerebral palsy in different periods have different manifestations, in the newborn and early childhood, mainly in the facial expression and movement on the slow response, joint expansion and stiffness, ataxia. Because the initial state is not obvious and is often ignored, the best time for rehabilitation is missed if the child with cerebral palsy is not given timely surgical treatment and rehabilitation training. This kind of posture abnormality and motor disorder are more obvious in the adolescence, which will seriously affect the quality of life of the cerebral palsy teenagers, so it is very important to carry on the targeted movement intervention to the cerebral palsy youth. Most patients with cerebral palsy have walking disorders. Normal people do not need to think about walking, but rather subconscious activities controlled by the brain. Because cerebral palsy has central brain damage, its walking is not so simple, and its walking posture is abnormal. Including scissors walking, rooster walking, duck walking, jumping, etc. In this paper, five adolescents with cerebral palsy (grade 鈪,
本文編號:2368468
[Abstract]:Cerebral palsy is a kind of central disease that seriously endangers infants. Generally divided into neonatal period, early childhood, adolescence and adulthood, cerebral palsy in different periods have different manifestations, in the newborn and early childhood, mainly in the facial expression and movement on the slow response, joint expansion and stiffness, ataxia. Because the initial state is not obvious and is often ignored, the best time for rehabilitation is missed if the child with cerebral palsy is not given timely surgical treatment and rehabilitation training. This kind of posture abnormality and motor disorder are more obvious in the adolescence, which will seriously affect the quality of life of the cerebral palsy teenagers, so it is very important to carry on the targeted movement intervention to the cerebral palsy youth. Most patients with cerebral palsy have walking disorders. Normal people do not need to think about walking, but rather subconscious activities controlled by the brain. Because cerebral palsy has central brain damage, its walking is not so simple, and its walking posture is abnormal. Including scissors walking, rooster walking, duck walking, jumping, etc. In this paper, five adolescents with cerebral palsy (grade 鈪,
本文編號:2368468
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