【摘要】：本文以基于鉛球?qū)ｍ椉夹g(shù)的體能訓(xùn)練為研究對象,采用文獻資料法、錄像拍攝法、錄像解析法、記錄法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法與對比分析法為研究方法,通過對倫敦奧運會女子鉛球亞軍、北京世錦賽女子鉛球亞軍鞏立姣專項技術(shù)進行高速攝影拍攝、解析,根據(jù)解析的結(jié)果找出技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)中存在的問題和不足,針對這些問題和不足來設(shè)計相應(yīng)的體能訓(xùn)練,意在通過這些針對性的體能訓(xùn)練來改善技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)中存在的問題和不足,而這些體能訓(xùn)練的設(shè)計是在2015-2016年國家女子鉛球隊冬訓(xùn)期間,筆者對鞏立姣及其他國家女子鉛球運動員平時的體能訓(xùn)練觀察和記錄的基礎(chǔ)上完成的,具有真實性。本文的撰寫旨在為鞏立姣備戰(zhàn)2016年里約奧運會提供參考,并為幫助教練員制定訓(xùn)練計劃和講解技術(shù)動作的時候更有針對性,提高訓(xùn)練的效率,而且為鉛球其他運動員和教練員科學(xué)訓(xùn)練提供參考。通過研究得出以下結(jié)論:1在滑步階段,鞏立姣存在滑步距離較短的問題,針對滑步距離較短設(shè)計的體能訓(xùn)練主要從增強腿部力量和右小腿收拉速度來入手的。2在滑步階段,鞏立姣存在身體重心上下起伏過大的問題,這是由蹬地角過大造成的,針對該技術(shù)的不足設(shè)計的體能訓(xùn)練主要從加強神經(jīng)對身體的控制能力來入手的。3在過渡階段,鞏立姣存在過渡時間較長和雙支撐步長過大的問題。針對過渡時間較長的體能訓(xùn)練主要從增強左髖和左腿的內(nèi)外側(cè)力量來設(shè)計的,針對雙支撐步長過大的問題,主要是從增強核心力量,加快身體重心移動來設(shè)計的體能訓(xùn)練。4在過渡階段,鞏立姣存在上體過早抬起的問題,這主要是因為從右腳著地到左腳著地瞬間,軀干前傾角變化較大,左肩過早打開造成的,針對此問題主要從增強軀干和左肩的力量以及兩者協(xié)調(diào)用力來設(shè)計的體能訓(xùn)練。5在最后用力階段,鞏立姣最后出手速度較快,屬于世界先進水平,這和她平時的專項體能訓(xùn)練分是不開的,鞏立姣在出手速度方面的體能訓(xùn)練主要是從發(fā)展全身協(xié)調(diào)用力來入手的。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the physical training based on shot put is used as the research object, and the methods of literature, video recording, mathematical statistics and comparative analysis are used as the research methods. Through the high-speed photography of the women's shot put runner-up in the London Olympic Games and the women's shot put runner-up in the Beijing World Championship, the paper analyzes and analyzes the problems and shortcomings in the technical links according to the results of the analysis. Aiming at these problems and shortcomings, the aim of designing the corresponding physical training is to improve the problems and deficiencies in the technical links through the targeted physical training, which was designed during the national women's lead team winter training in 2015-2016. On the basis of observation and record of physical training of female shot put athletes from Gong Lijiao and other countries, the author has the reality. The purpose of this article is to provide a reference for Gong Lijiao to prepare for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, and to help coaches formulate training plans and explain their technical movements in a more targeted way and improve the efficiency of training. And for shot put other athletes and coaches to provide a reference for scientific training. The following conclusions are drawn from the study: 1 in the sliding stage, Gong Lijiao has the problem of short distance of sliding step. The physical training designed for short distance of sliding step mainly starts with enhancing leg strength and pulling speed of right lower leg. 2 in the sliding step stage, Gong Lijiao has the problem that the body's center of gravity fluctuates too much up and down, which is caused by the excessive pedal angle. The physical training designed for the lack of this technique mainly starts with strengthening the nerve's ability to control the body. 3 in the transitional stage, Gong Lijiao has the problems of long transition time and too long double support step. The physical training for the long transition period is mainly designed to enhance the internal and external strength of the left hip and the left leg, and to solve the problem of excessive double support step, it mainly aims at enhancing the core strength. During the transition period, Gong Lijiao had the problem of premature lifting of the upper body, which was mainly due to the fact that the torso front inclination changed greatly and the left shoulder opened prematurely from the moment of landing on the ground of the right foot to the ground of the left foot. Aiming at this problem, physical training designed mainly from strengthening the strength of the trunk and the left shoulder and coordinating the strength between the two. 5 in the final exertion stage, Gong Lijiao's final release speed is relatively fast and belongs to the advanced level in the world. This and her usual special physical training is inseparable, Gong Lijiao's physical training in the speed of the hand is mainly from the development of the coordinated strength of the whole body to start.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G824.1

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