小球運(yùn)動(dòng)員左右手配對競技優(yōu)勢之研究
本文選題:左手 + 網(wǎng)球; 參考:《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:“三小球”即為乒乓球、羽毛球及網(wǎng)球,這三種球類運(yùn)動(dòng)都分為單打及雙打,其中雙打更追求配合與默契。目前各個(gè)國際大賽中,頂尖級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)員多以左右手組合進(jìn)行配對,成績也不斷上升,F(xiàn)在很多教練會(huì)注重培養(yǎng)左手運(yùn)動(dòng)員,大部分隊(duì)伍會(huì)找左手運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行陪練,這是因?yàn)楸壤^大的右利手運(yùn)動(dòng)員對小眾群體的左撇子的打法并不是非常熟悉,而且左利手運(yùn)動(dòng)員在乒乓球比賽中球的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡一般很難適應(yīng),右利手運(yùn)動(dòng)員往往吃了“習(xí)慣上”的虧。中國的三小球發(fā)展非常迅速,比賽中常?梢娪鹈蚝推古仪蛟跊Q賽時(shí)雙方都是中國隊(duì)的球員。在許多大賽中,我們都看到中國組合的雙打配對大多為左右手配對組合。所以在乒乓球競技中,左右手配對的優(yōu)勢顯而易見。前人雖對三小球雙打打法及左撇子優(yōu)勢方面做了很多相關(guān)研究,但以往的研究中對左右手配對運(yùn)動(dòng)員的研究極少,尤其關(guān)于三小球左右手配對的競技優(yōu)勢資料更為貧乏,經(jīng)多方搜集整理后得到了許多相關(guān)資料,為完成本研究提供了一定的理論支持。本文為了更突出三小球比賽中左右手配對組合的競技優(yōu)勢,對其在戰(zhàn)術(shù)及站位上進(jìn)行了分析及統(tǒng)計(jì)。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用錄像觀察法、落點(diǎn)區(qū)域劃分、質(zhì)量評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)法、專家訪談法、數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)法及直接觀察法,對體育專選班、專業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員(國際、國內(nèi)水平)的左右手配對運(yùn)動(dòng)員在雙打比賽中的競技優(yōu)勢進(jìn)行對比分析,分析左右手配對組合與右右手配對組合在比賽過程中,站位、接發(fā)球、比賽中前四拍擊球位置及技術(shù)運(yùn)用等進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)。錄像觀察法主要從三小球在比賽中技、戰(zhàn)術(shù)方面及接發(fā)球落點(diǎn)、站位進(jìn)行觀察。專家訪談法主要對馬來西亞和中國的專業(yè)的教練進(jìn)行訪談,了解和學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)于乒、羽、網(wǎng)雙打比賽中的技術(shù)知識(shí)。文章中運(yùn)用對比分析得出在比賽中左右手配對比右右手配對更有競技優(yōu)勢,其中有站位上的優(yōu)勢、“習(xí)慣上”的優(yōu)勢,球的旋轉(zhuǎn)優(yōu)勢、擊球位置及技術(shù)運(yùn)用上的優(yōu)勢。本文主要研究以下幾個(gè)方面:1.生理機(jī)制,大腦兩半球?qū)ι眢w兩側(cè)肢體運(yùn)動(dòng)的生理機(jī)制的明顯差異;2.左右手配對與右右配對在小球雙打比賽中位置輪轉(zhuǎn)上分析,對乒、羽、網(wǎng)雙打的站位作對比分析;3.球的旋轉(zhuǎn),小球在擊打后經(jīng)過與拍面的摩擦產(chǎn)生旋轉(zhuǎn);4.習(xí)慣與不習(xí)慣,由于球的旋轉(zhuǎn)與左右配對的站位,右右手配對面對比例小的左右手配對組合的概率小,因而會(huì)不習(xí)慣及不適應(yīng)。最后得出以下結(jié)論:1.在生理機(jī)制上,右腦控制支配左手,右腦善于掌握思維空間想象,左手的神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)比右手快,所以左右手配對比右右手配更有優(yōu)勢。左右配對乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在站位上因雙打比賽規(guī)則中兩人必須交替擊球,在空間位置轉(zhuǎn)換互補(bǔ)上比右右配對更有競技優(yōu)勢。2.左右配對羽毛球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在防守反攻前后站位時(shí),在進(jìn)攻方面左、右兩側(cè)都有進(jìn)攻的優(yōu)勢;反之右右配對在前后站位進(jìn)攻時(shí),左側(cè)屬于反手弱側(cè),進(jìn)攻處于劣勢。進(jìn)攻轉(zhuǎn)防守的左右站位對左右配對和右右配對優(yōu)勢不明顯。3.羽毛球的旋轉(zhuǎn)軌跡沒有乒乓球和網(wǎng)球旋轉(zhuǎn)性大,無論左、右手運(yùn)動(dòng)員擊打過來的球,在接球時(shí)都不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何變化,故變化性小于乒乓球與網(wǎng)球。4.乒乓球的場地比網(wǎng)球小,節(jié)奏更快,加上乒乓球旋轉(zhuǎn)性大,所以左右手配隊(duì)與右右手配對中,在習(xí)慣與不習(xí)慣上,左右手較占優(yōu)勢。5.乒乓球雙打講求配合,左右配對有球旋轉(zhuǎn)軌跡以及站位上的優(yōu)勢,兩人配合上明顯互補(bǔ)性更強(qiáng)且更合理,比右右手配對占有更好的競技優(yōu)勢。以中國國家隊(duì)為例,乒乓球隊(duì)近幾年成績稱霸天下是有一定的道理。6.根據(jù)三小球左右配對優(yōu)勢進(jìn)行對比發(fā)現(xiàn),小球左右配對中擁有最佳優(yōu)勢的是乒乓球,接下來是網(wǎng)球,而羽毛球相對來說沒有明顯的優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)結(jié)論提出以下建議:1.早期挖掘及注重培養(yǎng)左撇子運(yùn)動(dòng)員;2.知己知彼,百戰(zhàn)不殆;3.訓(xùn)練時(shí)加強(qiáng)以左撇子為訓(xùn)練對象,在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中多以左撇子運(yùn)動(dòng)員為訓(xùn)練對象,找出其弱點(diǎn)及打法,以提高競技水平及成績;4.了解左右配對的優(yōu)勢,讓更多人了解左右手配對的優(yōu)勢,對小球運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生興趣,增強(qiáng)人民體質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:"Three balls" are table tennis, badminton and tennis. The three kinds of ball games are divided into singles and doubles. The doubles are more cooperative and tacit. At present, most of the international competitions are paired with the left and right hands, and the results are rising. Now a lot of coaches will pay attention to the cultivation of left hand athletes and most of the teams. The left handers of the larger proportion are not very familiar with the left handers of the small groups, and the left hand players in the table tennis match are generally difficult to adapt, and the right-hand players often eat the "habit" loss. China's three ball development is not. It is often rapid that badminton and table tennis are often seen in the final of both sides of the Chinese team. In many competitions, we see the Chinese combination doubles match mostly in the left and right pairs. So in the table tennis competition, the advantages of the right and left hands are obvious and easy to see. The predecessors have played three ball doubles and left handers. Many related studies have been done on the advantages, but in the past, there are few studies on the left and right hand pairing athletes, especially about the competitive advantages of the three ball and left hand pairs. Many relevant materials have been obtained after collecting and collated in many ways, which provide some theoretical support for the completion of the study. In the game, the competitive advantage of the combination of the right and left hands is analyzed and analyzed. On the basis of the previous research, the paper uses video observation, the division of the drop points, the standard method of quality assessment, the expert interview, the data statistics and the direct inspection, and the professional athletes (International, domestic water). Compare and analyze the competitive advantage of the left and right hand pairing players in the doubles competition, analyze the data statistics of the pairing combination of the left and right hand pairs and the right hand pair in the competition process, the station position, the serve, the position of the first four shots and the technical use in the competition. The video observation method mainly from the three ball in the game and the tactics. The expert interview method mainly interviewed the professional coaches of Malaysia and China, understood and learned about the technical knowledge of the table tennis, feather, and tennis doubles competition. In this article, the comparative analysis showed that in the competition, the right hand match between right and right hand is more competitive, among which there are advantages on the station. The advantages of "habit", the advantage of "habit", the rotation advantage of the ball, the position of hitting the ball and the advantage of technical application. This paper mainly studies the following aspects: 1. physiological mechanism, the obvious difference of physiological mechanism between the two hemispheres of the brain on body movement on both sides of the body; the analysis of the position rotation of the 2. hand pairing and right right matching in the small ball doubles competition, to table tennis, The position of the double doubles is compared and analyzed; the rotation of the 3. balls, the ball is rotated by the friction of the beat after hitting the ball; 4. habits and unaccustomed, the probability of the pairing of the right and right hands and right and right hand pairs is small because of the rotation of the ball and the right and left position, and the right and right hand pairs are not used and unadapted. Finally, the following conclusion is concluded: 1. On the physiological mechanism, the right brain controls the left hand, the right brain is good at the imagination of the thinking space, the left hand is faster than the right hand, so the left and right hands match the right and right hand to match the right hand. The right and left table tennis players in the station position because of the doubles competition rules two must be handed over, in the space position conversion complementary to right and right match For the more competitive advantage.2., the badminton players have the advantage of attack on both left and right side when the badminton player is in the defensive counter attack. On the other hand, when right and right pair is in the front and back position, the left side belongs to the weak side of the backhand and the attack is at a disadvantage. The left right position of the offensive turn defense is not obvious to the right and right pairing and right right pair.3. The rotating track of badminton has no table tennis and big tennis rotation, no matter the left, right hand players hit the ball, the ball will not change in the ball, so the change is smaller than the table tennis and tennis.4. table tennis ball smaller than tennis, faster pace, plus table tennis rotatory, so the right and left hands match the team and right and right pairs in pairing. In the habit and unaccustomed, the left and right hands are better than the dominant.5. table tennis doubles, the left and right pairs have the ball rotation track and the advantages of the station. The two people are obviously complementary and more reasonable, and have better competitive advantages than right and right hand. Take the Chinese national team for example, the table tennis team has been dominating the world in recent years. A certain reason.6. according to the comparison of the advantages of three small ball pairs, the best advantage of the ball and left side is table tennis, the next is tennis, and the badminton has no obvious advantage. According to the conclusion, the following suggestions are put forward: 1. early excavating and paying attention to the cultivation of left-handed athletes; 2. to know oneself and the other, 3. in the war; 3. In training, the left handers should be strengthened as the training object. In the normal training, the left handed athletes are more training objects, and their weaknesses and methods are found to improve the competitive level and performance. 4. understand the advantages of the right and left pairs, let more people understand the advantages of the right and left hand pairing, the interest in the movement of the ball and the people's physique.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:G84
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