【摘要】：隨著高等教育收費(fèi)制度的改革,我國(guó)高等教育近十年來(lái)獲得了跨越式超常規(guī)發(fā)展,滿足了廣大學(xué)生上大學(xué)的強(qiáng)烈愿望,促進(jìn)了國(guó)民綜合素質(zhì)的提高和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。然而,由于我國(guó)地域遼闊,人口眾多,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展很不平衡,在不少地方還存在著普遍貧窮的狀況。在我國(guó),來(lái)自貧困地區(qū)的家庭子女上大學(xué)難的問(wèn)題還比較突出。為了促進(jìn)高等教育公平,實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的和諧與穩(wěn)定,讓貧困子女享有平等上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì),我國(guó)從2004年開始在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開始了國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款新機(jī)制的實(shí)施。河南省在國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款新機(jī)制的政策指導(dǎo)下,積極探索適合本省省情的國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款模式。通過(guò)與國(guó)家開發(fā)銀行河南省分行合作,探索出以高校管理為主體、引入激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制的國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款新模式。這種被稱為“河南模式”的國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款政策,極大降低了還款違約率,基本上實(shí)現(xiàn)了“應(yīng)貸盡貸”的預(yù)期目標(biāo),取得了很好的社會(huì)效果,促進(jìn)了河南省高校的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展,也為國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款新機(jī)制在全國(guó)的全面實(shí)施,起到了一定的示范作用。 本文以中原工學(xué)院助學(xué)貸款運(yùn)行狀況為研究出發(fā)點(diǎn),采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和訪談等方法,在綜合分析調(diào)查結(jié)果和中原工學(xué)院國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款政策執(zhí)行情況的基礎(chǔ)上,指出了國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款“河南模式”的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足。國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款“河南模式”的優(yōu)勢(shì)主要體現(xiàn)在：1)明確了責(zé)權(quán)利關(guān)系,引入了激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制,明確了高校作為國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款的管理主體,極大提高了銀行貸款的積極性。2)只要符合資助條件的貧困大學(xué)生,都可獲得助學(xué)貸款,基本達(dá)到了“應(yīng)貸盡貸”的預(yù)期目標(biāo),保證了大學(xué)教育公平原則,促進(jìn)了河南省高校的健康發(fā)展。3)“河南模式”完善的管理體系提高了助學(xué)貸款效率,降低了還款違約率 然而,國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款“河南模式”還存在諸多不足,表現(xiàn)在還款期限、還款方式設(shè)置不合理、貸款額度偏低等方面。本文針對(duì)“河南模式”的不足,從加強(qiáng)大學(xué)生誠(chéng)信教育、借鑒國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn)適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)還款期限、改變現(xiàn)有還款方式、適當(dāng)增加助學(xué)貸款額度、建立國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款法律體系等方面提出了完善“河南”模式的建議。 本文的研究對(duì)完善國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款“河南模式”具有一定的理論和實(shí)際意義。
[Abstract]:With the reform of the charging system of higher education, higher education in China has achieved extraordinary development by leaps and bounds in the past ten years, satisfied the strong desire of the majority of students to go to university, and promoted the improvement of the comprehensive quality of the people and the rapid development of the economy. However, due to the vast territory, large population and unbalanced economic development, there is still widespread poverty in many places. In our country, the problem that it is difficult for family children from poor areas to go to college is still more prominent. In order to promote the fairness of higher education, realize the harmony and stability of society, and make the poor children enjoy equal opportunities to go to university, China began to implement the new national student loan mechanism in 2004. Under the guidance of the policy of the new national student loan mechanism, Henan Province actively explores the national student loan model suitable for the provincial situation. Through cooperation with Henan Branch of the State Development Bank, this paper explores a new mode of national student loan with university management as the main body and the introduction of incentive and restraint mechanism. This kind of national student loan policy, which is called "Henan model", has greatly reduced the default rate of repayment, basically achieved the expected goal of "full loan", achieved good social results, promoted the healthy and sustainable development of colleges and universities in Henan Province, and also played a certain exemplary role in the implementation of the new national student loan mechanism in the whole country. Based on the research on the operation of student loans in Zhongyuan Institute of Technology, and by means of questionnaire survey and interview, this paper points out the advantages and disadvantages of the Henan model of national student loans on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the results of the survey and the implementation of the national student loan policy of Zhongyuan Institute of Technology. The advantages of the Henan model of national student loan are as follows: 1) the relationship between responsibility and right is clarified, the incentive and restraint mechanism is introduced, and the university as the management subject of national student loan is clearly defined, which greatly improves the enthusiasm of bank loan. 2) as long as the poor college students meet the conditions of subsidy, they can obtain the student loan, which basically achieves the expected goal of "full loan" and ensures the principle of fairness of university education. It promotes the healthy development of colleges and universities in Henan Province. 3) the perfect management system of "Henan Model" improves the efficiency of student loans and reduces the default rate of repayment. However, there are still many shortcomings in the "Henan Model" of national student loans, which is manifested in the repayment period, unreasonable repayment mode, low loan amount and so on. In view of the shortcomings of the "Henan model", this paper puts forward some suggestions for perfecting the "Henan" model from the aspects of strengthening the honesty education of college students, properly extending the repayment period, changing the existing repayment mode, properly increasing the amount of student loan, and establishing the legal system of national student loan. The research in this paper has certain theoretical and practical significance for perfecting the Henan model of national student loan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G647

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