我國(guó)政府對(duì)高校分類指導(dǎo)的協(xié)商機(jī)制
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-27 08:18
【摘要】：多元利益主體對(duì)高校發(fā)展提出不同的價(jià)值主張和利益訴求,高校面臨價(jià)值沖突問(wèn)題。在高等教育發(fā)展進(jìn)入大眾化階段之后,高校分類發(fā)展成為提高我國(guó)高等教育質(zhì)量的必由路徑。要實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的分類發(fā)展,必須解決多元教育主體的價(jià)值沖突問(wèn)題。如何協(xié)調(diào)多元主體的利益,如何使分類框架和分類政策體現(xiàn)不同主體的價(jià)值主張,為我國(guó)高校分類發(fā)展帶來(lái)了新的挑戰(zhàn),同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了新的機(jī)遇。 從高等教育的職能分化、社會(huì)需求、教育發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)幾個(gè)方面來(lái)看,高校分類發(fā)展具有必然規(guī)律性。但是在實(shí)踐層面,我國(guó)還未出現(xiàn)有效的分類指導(dǎo)機(jī)制。目前最具影響力的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是高校隸屬部門的行政級(jí)別。但是這是一種單一維度、基于價(jià)值一元的分類,仍然不利于高校的職能分化。利用新制度主義社會(huì)學(xué)理論分析可得,我國(guó)高校存在強(qiáng)制性趨同、規(guī)范性趨同和模仿性趨同三種組織趨同現(xiàn)象,這與我國(guó)政府的制度安排存在密切關(guān)系,政府決定了高校的合法性。因此,構(gòu)建政府對(duì)高校分類指導(dǎo)的新機(jī)制是必要的。 政府與高校之間,高校系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部都存在價(jià)值沖突,但價(jià)值沖突是可以緩解或解決的,價(jià)值觀相沖突的各方可以采用一定的手段達(dá)成價(jià)值共識(shí)。協(xié)商就是解決價(jià)值沖突,達(dá)至價(jià)值共識(shí)的有效路徑。 治理理論強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)利去中心化,多元主體共享權(quán)利并平等合作,以此理論為指導(dǎo),我國(guó)應(yīng)形成多元主體對(duì)高校的良好外部治理,構(gòu)建政府與高校良好的合作關(guān)系,打破二者管理與被管理、命令與執(zhí)行的關(guān)系。價(jià)值協(xié)商理論則主張存有分歧的各方平等交流對(duì)話,展開(kāi)論辯,深入了解他人的建議與主張,在對(duì)話過(guò)程中加深對(duì)價(jià)值客體的認(rèn)識(shí),逐步達(dá)成共識(shí),然后擬定接下來(lái)的共同行動(dòng)規(guī)劃。協(xié)商參與方可以將各方權(quán)利與責(zé)任以契約的文本形式明確下來(lái),相互制約,相互監(jiān)督。美國(guó)加利福尼亞州在制定《高等教育總體規(guī)劃》,歐盟在完成“歐洲高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)分類項(xiàng)目”的過(guò)程中都成功應(yīng)用了協(xié)商理念。 協(xié)商機(jī)制的建立是我國(guó)政府實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)高校分類指導(dǎo)的關(guān)鍵。協(xié)商機(jī)制的構(gòu)建應(yīng)遵循各方平等自由、共享權(quán)利、最終政策體現(xiàn)多元利益的原則。機(jī)制的建立還應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的程序,成立一個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)委員會(huì),協(xié)商參與方自由闡述自己的主張并逐步明晰要解決的問(wèn)題,參與者積極互動(dòng),各自做出一些妥協(xié)和讓步,最終制定公認(rèn)的可操作的政策規(guī)劃。政府對(duì)高校分類指導(dǎo)的制度安排主要包括四個(gè)方面,一是高校類型定位,多元主體協(xié)商制定指導(dǎo)性的高校分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),政府在高校自主定位、社會(huì)中介參與分類的前提下進(jìn)行最終的分類認(rèn)定；二是多元主體明確劃分各自權(quán)、責(zé)、利；三是高校評(píng)估與質(zhì)量保障,制定多樣化的分類評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系,培育公信度高的第三方評(píng)估組織,充分利用協(xié)約性規(guī)則保障教育質(zhì)量；四是資源配置的方式,在生源、經(jīng)費(fèi)、扶持政策方面公平對(duì)待各類學(xué)校。
[Abstract]:Since the development of higher education has entered the stage of popularization, the classification of higher education has become the only way to improve the quality of higher education in China. How to coordinate the interests of multiple subjects and how to make the classification framework and classification policies reflect the value propositions of different subjects have brought new challenges and opportunities to the development of Chinese universities.
From the perspective of the function differentiation of higher education, the social demand and the experience of the developed countries, the development of the classification of colleges and universities is inevitable. But in practice, there is no effective mechanism to guide the classification of colleges and universities. The single dimension, based on the classification of value monism, is still not conducive to the functional differentiation of colleges and universities. According to the analysis of new institutionalism sociology theory, there are three organizational convergence phenomena: compulsory convergence, normative convergence and imitative convergence, which are closely related to the institutional arrangement of our government, and the government decides the University contract. Therefore, it is necessary to build a new mechanism for the government to classify and guide colleges and universities.
Between the government and universities, there are value conflicts within the University system, but the value conflicts can be alleviated or resolved, and the parties to the value conflicts can reach value consensus by certain means.
Governance theory emphasizes the decentralization of rights, the sharing of rights and equal cooperation among multiple subjects. Guided by this theory, China should form a good external governance between multiple subjects and universities, construct a good cooperative relationship between the government and universities, break the relationship between their management and being managed, and order and execution. The participants in the negotiation can define the rights and responsibilities of the parties in the form of a contract, restrict each other and supervise each other. In California, the European Union has successfully applied the concept of consultation in the process of completing the European Higher Education Institutions Classification Project.
The establishment of consultation mechanism is the key for the government to realize the guidance of colleges and universities by classification. Gradually clarify the problems to be solved, the participants actively interact, make some compromises and concessions, and eventually formulate a generally recognized operational policy plan. The government's system arrangement for the guidance of the classification of colleges and universities mainly includes four aspects. First, the orientation of the types of colleges and universities, multi-subject consultation to formulate guiding standards for the classification of Colleges and universities. Secondly, the multi-subject clearly divides their respective rights, responsibilities and benefits; thirdly, the evaluation and quality assurance of colleges and universities, formulates a diversified classification evaluation index system, fosters a third-party evaluation organization with high credibility, and makes full use of the contractual rules to ensure the quality of education; It is a way of resource allocation, and fair treatment of all kinds of schools in terms of student resources, funding and supporting policies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G647
本文編號(hào)：2206659
[Abstract]:Since the development of higher education has entered the stage of popularization, the classification of higher education has become the only way to improve the quality of higher education in China. How to coordinate the interests of multiple subjects and how to make the classification framework and classification policies reflect the value propositions of different subjects have brought new challenges and opportunities to the development of Chinese universities.
From the perspective of the function differentiation of higher education, the social demand and the experience of the developed countries, the development of the classification of colleges and universities is inevitable. But in practice, there is no effective mechanism to guide the classification of colleges and universities. The single dimension, based on the classification of value monism, is still not conducive to the functional differentiation of colleges and universities. According to the analysis of new institutionalism sociology theory, there are three organizational convergence phenomena: compulsory convergence, normative convergence and imitative convergence, which are closely related to the institutional arrangement of our government, and the government decides the University contract. Therefore, it is necessary to build a new mechanism for the government to classify and guide colleges and universities.
Between the government and universities, there are value conflicts within the University system, but the value conflicts can be alleviated or resolved, and the parties to the value conflicts can reach value consensus by certain means.
Governance theory emphasizes the decentralization of rights, the sharing of rights and equal cooperation among multiple subjects. Guided by this theory, China should form a good external governance between multiple subjects and universities, construct a good cooperative relationship between the government and universities, break the relationship between their management and being managed, and order and execution. The participants in the negotiation can define the rights and responsibilities of the parties in the form of a contract, restrict each other and supervise each other. In California, the European Union has successfully applied the concept of consultation in the process of completing the European Higher Education Institutions Classification Project.
The establishment of consultation mechanism is the key for the government to realize the guidance of colleges and universities by classification. Gradually clarify the problems to be solved, the participants actively interact, make some compromises and concessions, and eventually formulate a generally recognized operational policy plan. The government's system arrangement for the guidance of the classification of colleges and universities mainly includes four aspects. First, the orientation of the types of colleges and universities, multi-subject consultation to formulate guiding standards for the classification of Colleges and universities. Secondly, the multi-subject clearly divides their respective rights, responsibilities and benefits; thirdly, the evaluation and quality assurance of colleges and universities, formulates a diversified classification evaluation index system, fosters a third-party evaluation organization with high credibility, and makes full use of the contractual rules to ensure the quality of education; It is a way of resource allocation, and fair treatment of all kinds of schools in terms of student resources, funding and supporting policies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G647
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