本文選題：基督教 + 中世紀大學��； 參考：《首都師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：歐洲中世紀被史學家稱之為“千年黑暗時代”,因為那時的歐洲長期處在神權的統(tǒng)治之下,個人思想和社會進步受到極大的禁錮和束縛,但正是在這個“黑暗”的時期,在濃郁的基督教文化籠罩之下卻奇特地誕生了諸多輝煌的歷史成就,這其中又以中世紀大學最為奪目。歐洲的中世紀大學是由基督教教會的修道院學校和主教坐堂學校發(fā)展而來,于12世紀興起并在與基督教教會和世俗政權的相互周旋中發(fā)展壯大起來。基督教教會視中世紀大學為培養(yǎng)神學人才的場所,并把大學看成是對抗異端邪說的陣地。因此,基督教教會對中世紀大學教學內(nèi)容非常關注,種種限制與影響確立了大學誕生之后的基礎學科,也成為近代早期大學的學科設置基礎。通過相關史料的研究和邏輯判斷我們發(fā)現(xiàn),基督教在精神和文化的領域對大學學科設置的規(guī)范和發(fā)展發(fā)揮著積極的功效。基督教會在當時的時代條件下所采取的種種措施也很大程度上促進了歐洲大學的發(fā)展進步并為近代大學學科設置打下基礎,同時一些消極的影響也不容忽視。 現(xiàn)代大學的高等教育起源于中世紀的歐洲,而中世紀歐洲的大學教育是在基督教教會的庇護下發(fā)展壯大起來的。所以,如果能正確理清基督教會在中世紀大學發(fā)展,尤其在學科設置中所起的作用,也許會對研究中世紀大學其它相關問題能夠有一個更加全面的認識,也是值得研究的一個問題。 本文主要由導論、正文三個章節(jié)和總結部分組成。第一部分為導論,主要闡述了本論文的研究背景、選題意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀以及本論文的研究方法。正文第一章論述了歐洲中世紀大學產(chǎn)生的歷史文化背景,主要介紹了大學誕生的搖籃——修道院的文化教育、大學的誕生過程及大學誕生后基督教教會對中世紀大學的支持與控制。第二章闡述了基督教教會對中世紀大學學科設置的影響,首先闡述了“學科”概念和中世紀大學課程設置概況。中世紀大學的教學內(nèi)容主要涉及醫(yī)學、法學、文學和神學四科,本章著重論述了基督教對中世紀大學醫(yī)、法、文、神這四大學院學科設置的影響,并總結了中世紀大學學科設置的幾個主要特點。第三章主要論述了中世紀末期及近代早期基督教對大學學科設置的影響及束縛,首先闡述中世紀大學中傳統(tǒng)學院學科的變化,其次是傳統(tǒng)學科之外誕生的新興學科,并總結了這兩個時期大學學科設置的主要特點。最后為總結部分,在承認基督教和基督教會對中世紀歐洲大學發(fā)展存在一定束縛影響下,肯定其對大學分科和大學規(guī)范管理的進步作用和積極影響,以及對我們當下大學教育的借鑒和啟示意義。
[Abstract]:In medieval Europe by historians called the "dark Millennium era", because at that time in Europe in the long-term theocracy under the rule of personal thought and social progress are great shackles and, but it is in the "dark" period, in a strong Christian culture shadow but strangely the birth of many historical achievements, the medieval University most eye-catching. The medieval universities of Europe by the Christian Church convent school and Cathedral School Development, in twelfth Century and the rise in and the Christian Church and the secular regime with each other to thrive. The Christian Church as the medieval university place for training theological talents and as a university position against heretical beliefs. Therefore, the Christian Church is very concerned about the medieval university teaching content, the restrictions and influencing the establishment of the College After the birth of the basic disciplines, has become a modern university early academic settings. We found through research and logical judgment of the relevant historical norms and the development of Christian setting of university discipline in the spiritual and cultural fields play a positive effect. The church all sorts of measures taken in the historical conditions is also great the degree of progress and promote the development of the European University and lay the foundation for the modern university curriculum at the same time, some negative effects can not be ignored.
The Modern University of higher education originated in medieval Europe, the medieval university education in Europe is growing up in a Christian Church asylum. So, if the history of Christianity in medieval university to sort out correctly, especially in the subject setting in the role of research universities in the middle ages may be other related problems can have a a more comprehensive understanding, is a problem worthy of study.
This paper consists of introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The first part is the introduction, mainly expounds the research background, the significance of the topic, research status at home and abroad and the research methods of the dissertation. The first chapter discusses the generation of European medieval universities history cultural background, mainly introduces the birth of University cultural education the cradle of the monastery, the Christian church support and control of the medieval university and the university after the birth of the birth process. The second chapter expounds the influence of Christian Church to the medieval university curriculum, first elaborated the overview of "subject" and the concept of the medieval university curriculum. The teaching contents of medieval universities mainly involved in medicine, law, literature four science and theology, this chapter focuses on Christianity in Medieval Universities of medicine, law, literature, setting up the four Faculty of God, and A few main features set medieval university disciplines. The third chapter mainly discusses the late medieval and early modern Christian influence on university disciplinary settings and constraints, firstly expounds the changes of Traditional University Institute of medieval science, followed by the birth of new subject outside the traditional disciplines, and summarized the main characteristics of this set of two periods of university discipline at last is the conclusion part, in recognition of Christianity and the Christian Church in medieval European University development bound under the influence of certain university branch and standardize the management of the University for progress and positive influence, and to our current university education significance.

【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G642.3;G649.1

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