發(fā)布時間：2018-02-22 18:30

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 清末民初 留學生 弱國子民心態(tài)　出處：《華東師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：1872年詹天佑等學子在清政府組織下從上海啟程出洋,開啟了中國人留學的記錄,此后五十年間,數(shù)十萬中國留學生求學異域。在國內(nèi),留學生被普遍認為是精英、是中國的希望,但是在國外,19世紀中葉開始的一系列戰(zhàn)敗為他們貼上了無法擺脫的弱國子民標簽。留學生因為“弱國子民”的身份認同產(chǎn)生的較為穩(wěn)定的思想、情感等內(nèi)心活動就是弱國子民心態(tài)。 現(xiàn)有的研究對留學政策、留學生的思想、留學生的譯介活動、留學生回國后的改革討論了很多,但很少涉及留學生的心理狀態(tài)。因此本文意圖通過對留學生“弱國子民”心態(tài)的探討呈現(xiàn)出留學生心理狀態(tài)在歷史發(fā)展中的影響。 文章主要分為四部分。第一部分是論文導言,介紹研究緣起,梳理研究現(xiàn)狀,進行概念界定,說明研究范圍,呈現(xiàn)研究思路。 第二部分探討了留學生弱國子民心態(tài)形成的歷史背景。中國學生出國前對留學國充滿憧憬,殊不知因為軍事強弱局勢的改變,在以美國、日本為代表的強國眼中,中國及中國人形象極為不佳,有時甚至呈現(xiàn)出野蠻而惡劣的特征。留學生出國前的期許與出國后的境遇之間的強烈沖突是導致弱國子民心態(tài)形成和加重的直接原因。 第三部分探討了留學生弱國子民心態(tài)的具體表現(xiàn)。當留學生遭遇他人的歧視,最直接的表現(xiàn)就是自卑和憤怒；因為有迫切改變?nèi)鯂F(xiàn)實的愿望,他們不僅關(guān)注自身本業(yè)一一學習,也注意學業(yè)和救亡圖存的密切聯(lián)系,會主動改善中國的異域形象,他們的努力有時甚至呈現(xiàn)出“功夫在詩外”的特點；面臨尊嚴的被踐踏,有的學生以中國的文明和歷史為“底氣”,從“逆歧視”中獲取安慰；一旦雙眼被自卑遮蔽,也有的留學生以偏概全,夸大了西方文化的優(yōu)勢。 第四部分從個人層面和社會層面探討了留學生弱國子民心態(tài)的影響。個人層面,弱國子民心態(tài)成為一種動力,激勵著留學生在進行人生規(guī)劃時為了忠于救國理想,往往“趨苦避甜”,選擇了更加崎嶇的人生道路；社會層面,本文以個案呈現(xiàn)出弱國子民心態(tài)在教育近代化中的影響,即教育的強國導向和速成傾向。
[Abstract]:In 1872, Zhan Tianyou and other students set out from Shanghai under the Qing government's organization, opening a record of Chinese students studying abroad. Since then, in 50 years, there have been 100,000 Chinese students studying in foreign countries. In China, foreign students are generally regarded as the elite. It is China's hope, but a series of defeats that began in the middle of the 19th century abroad branded them the inextricably weak people. Emotion and other inner activities are the mentality of the weak people. The existing research has discussed a lot about the study abroad policy, the thought of the overseas students, the translation and introduction activities of the overseas students, and the reform of the overseas students after returning to China. Therefore, this paper intends to show the influence of the psychological state of foreign students in the historical development through the discussion of the mentality of the students in the weak country. The first part is the introduction of the thesis, which introduces the origin of the research, combs the research status, defines the concept, explains the scope of the research, and presents the research ideas. The second part discusses the historical background of the formation of the mentality of the weak subjects of foreign students. Before Chinese students went abroad, they were full of longing for studying abroad, but they did not know that because of the changes in the military situation, in the eyes of the powerful countries represented by the United States and Japan, The image of China and the Chinese people is extremely poor, sometimes showing the characteristics of barbarism and bad. The strong conflict between the expectations of overseas students and the situation after going abroad is the direct reason for the formation and aggravation of the mentality of the subjects of the weak countries. The third part discusses the concrete manifestation of the mentality of the subjects of the weak countries of foreign students. When the students are discriminated against by others, the most direct manifestation is inferiority complex and anger, because they have the desire to change the reality of the weak countries urgently. They not only pay attention to their own study, but also pay attention to the close relationship between their studies and saving the nation from death. They will take the initiative to improve China's foreign image. Their efforts sometimes even show the characteristic of "kung fu outside the poem"; they are faced with being trampled on their dignity. Some students take the Chinese civilization and history as the "base" and take comfort from the "inverse discrimination". Once their eyes are obscured by inferiority, some students exaggerate the advantages of western culture. The 4th part discusses the influence of the psychology of the weak people in the foreign students from the personal and social aspects. At the personal level, the mentality of the weak people becomes a kind of motive force, which inspires the overseas students to be loyal to the ideal of saving the nation in their life planning. In the social level, this paper presents the influence of the mentality of the weak people in the modernization of education, that is, the orientation of education and the tendency of rapid development.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G648.9

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本文編號：1525014