本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國高校去行政化及改革路徑　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：自1949年新中國成立后,我國照搬蘇聯(lián)的模式,對高校實行中央集權(quán)制管理體制。高校的級別不是按照教育質(zhì)量的好壞、科研成果的優(yōu)劣、學(xué)術(shù)水平的高低和社會影響力的大小等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來進(jìn)行劃分,而是按照國家行政機(jī)關(guān)的組織管理模式,以行政級別來進(jìn)行劃分。高校被劃入事業(yè)單位,在管理上套用行政管理體制的模式來進(jìn)行管理。我國各高等院校內(nèi)部組織結(jié)構(gòu)與運(yùn)行模式也參照行政機(jī)關(guān)的模式,造成部門龐雜,管理層級多,按照行政管理原則將校內(nèi)的教學(xué)部門和教職員工安排在不同的管理層級之中。高校內(nèi)部管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置與行政機(jī)構(gòu)的部門設(shè)置如出一轍,如黨委、校辦、人事處、組宣部、統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)部、紀(jì)檢處、財務(wù)處、保衛(wèi)處、團(tuán)委、后勤處等組織,行政化色彩濃厚,再加上學(xué)校特有的教務(wù)處、學(xué)工部、科研處等部門。管理部門雜多,行政人員比例過大,造成行政部門人浮于事,人員的冗余。目前,我國高校大多沿用這種傳統(tǒng)的管理和運(yùn)行模式,這樣自上而下的層級式管理體制,致使大學(xué)越來越行政化,背離了現(xiàn)代高校的運(yùn)行規(guī)律,背離了高等教育自身發(fā)展邏輯和現(xiàn)代高校制度的基本理念,給高等教育的發(fā)展帶來了諸多不利的影響,如大學(xué)理念的迷失,辦學(xué)自主權(quán)的受限,高校辦學(xué)水平受到制約。如果不根除,高校將不再是高校,高校所肩負(fù)的中華民族振興的希望也將不會實現(xiàn)。 由于官本位思想傳統(tǒng)的根深蒂固,而且體制改革將觸及實權(quán)派行政人員的權(quán)力與經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,所以只靠取消行政級別解決高校行政化問題是難以徹底的,而且極易卷土重來。因此,高校去行政化改革將是一項艱難、復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)性工程,必須抓住問題的主要矛盾,從根本上加以解決。轉(zhuǎn)變官本位思想觀念,從根本上去除教育行政化趨勢并防止其死灰復(fù)燃,建構(gòu)高校自身的價值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。高校的價值就在于教育本身,人才培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量、科研水平、學(xué)術(shù)水平、社會影響力是教育價值的體現(xiàn)。整合這些價值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)建符合自身價值規(guī)律的高校評價體系,不以行政級別高低來評價高校的優(yōu)劣。高校組織系統(tǒng)是一個包含著學(xué)術(shù)子系統(tǒng)和行政子系統(tǒng)的二元制組織結(jié)構(gòu),兩個子系統(tǒng)是相輔相成,并行不悖的,簡單地否定其中任何一個都是不可取的。高校是教育部門、學(xué)術(shù)部門,高校內(nèi)部的管理是一種特殊性、專門性的管理活動,與行政部門不同,應(yīng)該具備自身特殊的組織原則與管理模式。但是目前中國高校和行政部門相同,按照行政管理的模式在運(yùn)行,明顯給高校的運(yùn)行帶來大量問題,阻礙高校的正常發(fā)展,不符合現(xiàn)代高等教育的發(fā)展邏輯,因此必須要進(jìn)行改革,取而代之為適合高校自身運(yùn)行規(guī)律的管理機(jī)制。高校去行政化改革就是變革學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)力與行政權(quán)力失衡的現(xiàn)狀,強(qiáng)化學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)力,弱化行政權(quán)力,減少行政權(quán)力對教育教學(xué)、學(xué)術(shù)科研的影響,使學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)力與行政權(quán)力相互協(xié)作,相互促進(jìn),推動高�？茖W(xué)發(fā)展。改革內(nèi)部管理機(jī)構(gòu),逐步縮減黨政相關(guān)部門,通過精簡、撤銷與合并對高校行政管理部門進(jìn)行扁平化改革,以行政辦公中心取代原來諸多科層級的組織設(shè)置,有些部門和事務(wù)還可進(jìn)行市場化改革嘗試,如餐飲、物業(yè)等。推動高校內(nèi)部管理體制改革,充分發(fā)揮學(xué)術(shù)委員會、教學(xué)委員會、教職工代表大會、學(xué)生代表大會的作用。鼓勵探索建立高校董事會或理事會,充分利用社會資源,增強(qiáng)高校辦學(xué)活力,讓更多的社會人士為學(xué)校的科學(xué)發(fā)展提供咨詢或參與決策,使高校更好地面向社會自主辦學(xué)。 協(xié)調(diào)辦學(xué)者與舉辦者之間的關(guān)系,正確處理兩者之間的矛盾,這是解決高校外部行政化的重要舉措。這樣就會從根本上移除高校內(nèi)部行政化的根基,打破外部行政化與內(nèi)部行政化形成惡性循環(huán)的深層邏輯。改革的措施主要是對高校的所有權(quán)與管理權(quán)進(jìn)行分離,政府從傳統(tǒng)的直接管理角色變?yōu)殚g接管理,從管理高校轉(zhuǎn)換為服務(wù)高校,充分遵循高校辦學(xué)的原則與規(guī)律,不干涉高校的學(xué)術(shù)事務(wù),讓大學(xué)能夠真正的、充分的自主辦學(xué)。政府轉(zhuǎn)變管理方式,充分發(fā)揮宏觀調(diào)控功能,負(fù)責(zé)全國的或所管轄地區(qū)的高等教育工作的發(fā)展規(guī)劃和統(tǒng)籌管理。原有高校的行政級別應(yīng)該盡快撤銷,還原高校作為專門性學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的本來面目。高校作為教育性、學(xué)術(shù)性機(jī)構(gòu),要善于充分發(fā)揮教育教學(xué)、學(xué)術(shù)科研方面的自主權(quán),提高自主辦學(xué)、自主管理能力,履行辦學(xué)者的應(yīng)有職責(zé)。同時,協(xié)調(diào)高校辦學(xué)主體和舉辦主體之間的關(guān)系,應(yīng)建立具有評估服務(wù)、監(jiān)督管理、公證鑒定、社會溝通、信息咨詢等職能的第三方高等教育評估中介機(jī)構(gòu)。 因此,去行政化的精髓,不僅僅是取消行政級別,更在于規(guī)范行政權(quán)力,督促行政權(quán)力恪盡職責(zé)、恪守邊界。同時,在學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域,還要建立一套獨(dú)立于行政權(quán)力之外的評價體系,讓學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)按照自己的評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)區(qū)分出高低,以其對人類的貢獻(xiàn)贏得尊重。這樣,學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)力才能擺脫行政權(quán)力的束縛,去行政化才能獲得有力保障。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of new China in 1949 after China, copying the Soviet model, the implementation of centralized management system of colleges and universities. The university level is not in accordance with the quality of education, scientific research quality, academic level and social influence of the size of the standard to be divided, but according to the state administrative organs of the organization and management model to by the division of the administrative level. Colleges and universities were assigned to institutions, apply the administrative management system in the management mode of management. The universities and colleges in our country internal organization structure and the operation mode according to the administrative organ of the Department of management mode, resulting in complex, multi levels, in accordance with the administrative principle of the school teaching department and staff arrangement at different levels of management. Set up internal management mechanism and administrative institution of university departments set up exactly the same, such as party, run, personnel department, group Xuanbu, EC The War Department, discipline inspection department, financial department, security department, the Communist Youth League, logistics department and other organizations, administrative color is strong, coupled with the Dean, the school special science department, research department and other departments. Administrative departments of miscellaneous, administrative staff ratio is too large, resulting in the administrative department of personnel. At present, more personnel than work available, redundant, management and the operation mode of Chinese universities mostly follow the traditional, hierarchical management system superincumbently, resulting in more and more university administration, from the operation rules of modern colleges and universities, from the higher education development logic and modern university system's basic concept, has brought many negative effects to the development of higher education, such as college the concept of lost school autonomy is limited, the level of higher education is restricted. If not eradicated, will no longer be in Colleges and universities, universities shoulder the revitalization of the Chinese nation's hope will not be realized.
Because the official standard thought tradition and reform will touch the ingrained, powerful executive power and economic interests, so only to cancel the administrative level to solve the problems of administrative is difficult to completely, and easily return. Therefore, to the administration of the university reform will be a difficult and complicated systematic engineering. We must seize the main contradiction problem, to be solved fundamentally. Change the idea of official standard, remove the trend of administrative education fundamentally and prevent the construction of value standard of universities a stirring among the dry bones,. The value of university lies in the education itself, the quality of personnel training, scientific research, academic level, social influence is reflected in the value of education the integration of these values. With the construction of the evaluation of the law of value, not to the administrative level to evaluate the pros and cons of the university system is a group. Contain the academic system and the administrative system of the two element system organization structure, two subsystems are complementary and run parallel, simply deny any of them are not desirable. The education department, academic department, university internal management is a kind of special management, special activities, different and administrative departments should have their own special principle of organization and management mode. But at present China universities and administrative departments of the same, according to the administrative management mode in the operation, to bring a lot of problems in operation, hinder the normal development of colleges and universities, does not meet the development logic of modern higher education, therefore, must carry on the reform, instead of management the mechanism for the operation rules of the University. To the administrative reform is the status quo of academic power and administrative power reform, strengthen the academic power and administrative power weakening, Reduce the administrative power of education teaching, influence of academic research, the academic power and administrative power, mutual cooperation, mutual promotion, promote scientific development in Colleges and universities. The reform of the internal management mechanism, gradually reduce the party and government departments, by streamlining, cancellation or merger Department flat for reform of the University Administration, many of the organizations to replace the original level to set up administrative office center, some departments and business can also carry out market reform attempts, such as catering, property and so on. To promote the reform of the internal management system, give full play to the academic committee, the education committee, the staff congress, student congress role. Encourage the exploration of establishing university board or Council, make full use of social resources. To enhance the vitality of universities, let more people to provide consultation for the scientific development of school or university to participate in decision-making, better social autonomy Run a school.
Coordinate the relationship between operators and their sponsors, correctly handle the contradiction between the two, this is an important measure to solve the external administration. This will fundamentally remove the internal administration of the foundation, deep logic break external administration and internal administration of the formation. The vicious spiral reform measures is mainly on the ownership the administrative power and the separation of the government from the traditional direct management role into indirect management, from the management of colleges and universities into service of University, the principle and rules fully follow college education, do not interfere with academic affairs, let the university can truly, fully independent schools. The transformation of government management mode, give full play to the function of macro regulation development, planning and overall management for higher education work throughout the country or areas of jurisdiction. The original administrative level should be abolished as soon as possible to restore the University as Specialized academic institutions are. As college education, academic institutions, should give full play to the education, the autonomy of the academic research, improve the autonomy, self-management ability, fulfill their duties to scholars. At the same time, the relationship between the coordination of the main school and held between the main body should be established with assessment services the supervision and management, notarization and appraisal, social communication, the third party information consultation and other functions of the higher education evaluation agency.
Therefore, to the essence of the administration, not just cancel the administrative level, more is to regulate the administrative power, the administrative power supervision duty, with the boundary. At the same time, in the academic field, but also set up a set of independent administrative power evaluation system, to identify their own academic institutions in accordance with the evaluation criteria of district level, with its contribution to win the respect of human bondage. So, in order to get rid of administrative power and academic power, administration can get effective protection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G649.2;D630

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