【摘要】：歷史的車輪已經進入了21世紀，在這一新的歷史時期，如何增強高校思想政治教育的實效性，是擺在思想政治教育工作者面前的一個重大的亟待解決的現(xiàn)實問題。面對這一問題，本文以需要理論為切入點，詳細闡述了最具代表性的馬斯洛的需要層次理論和奧爾德弗的ERG理論以及馬克思主義的需要理論；立足需要理論，系統(tǒng)分析了需要理論對高校思想政治教育的啟示；結合現(xiàn)實，論文比較全面地分析了需要理論在高校思想政治教育運用中存的主要問題并且分析了問題產生的原因；針對需要理論在高校思想政治教育運用中存在的問題和原因，，論文提出了需要理論在高校思想政治教育中運用的原則，并且從理念、內容、方法、載體、機制五個方面詳細論述了需要理論在高校思想政治教育中運用的對策。 本文總共分為五個部分： 第一部分，緒論。主要闡述了研究背景和意義，分析了國內、國外研究現(xiàn)狀以及現(xiàn)狀評述，提出了研究思路與研究方法，指明了該文的創(chuàng)新之處，為接下來的研究奠定了堅實的基礎。 第二部分，主要對需要理論進行了概述。首先從需要的內涵入手，闡述了國內外各界對需要內涵的理解；接著分析了需要的特征即需要具有動力性、社會歷史性、多樣性、發(fā)展性以及雙重性五個方面特征。在此基礎上對馬斯洛的需要理論、奧爾德弗的ERG理論以及馬克思主義的需要理論進行了概括及評價。 第三部分，主要分析了需要理論對高校思想政治教育的啟示。首先提出高校思想政治教育要關注大學生最基本的物質需要；緊接著提出高校思想政治教育要善于引導大學生低層次需要向高層次需要的發(fā)展；然后提出高校思想政治教育要注重大學生需要的差異性；最后提出高校思想政治教育要引導大學生產生與社會發(fā)展方向相一致的需要。 第四部分，主要分析了需要理論在高校思想政治教育運用中存在的問題及其成因分析。首先闡述了需要理論在高校思想政治教育運用中存在的問題，包含了以下三個方面：高校思想政治教育針對性與大學生實際需要不相適應；教育者自身素質與時代發(fā)展需求存在一定差距；目前教育體制現(xiàn)狀與新時期大學生的需求特點不相符。緊接著分析了問題產生的原因即：高校思想政治教育忽視大學生的主體需求；高校思想政治教育忽視需要的動力作用；高校思想政治教育忽視大學生需要產生的社會土壤； 第五部分，主要分析了需要理論在高校思想政治教育中運用的原則及其對策。首先闡述了需要理論在高校思想政治教育中運用的原則，包含了以下四個方面：即堅持黨性為根本的方向性原則、堅持以人為本的主體性原則、堅持貼近實際的效能性原則以及堅持良性互動服務性原則；緊接著從理念、內容、方法、載體、機制五個方面詳細論述了需要理論在高校思想政治教育中運用的對策。
[Abstract]:The wheel of history has entered the 21st century, in this new historical period, how to enhance the effectiveness of the ideological and political education of the university is a major problem to be solved in the face of the ideological and political educators. In the face of this problem, this paper gives a detailed description of the most representative Maslow's need level theory and the Ould's ERG theory and the theory of the need of Marxism, and based on the need theory, The paper analyses the enlightenment of the need of the theory to the ideological and political education of the university, and analyzes the main problems in the application of the ideological and political education in colleges and universities, and analyzes the causes of the problems in combination with the reality and the thesis. In view of the problems and reasons that need the theory to exist in the application of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, the paper puts forward the principle of the application of the theory in the ideological and political education of the university, and from the concept, the content, the method and the carrier, In the five aspects of the mechanism, the countermeasures for the application of the theory in the ideological and political education of the university are discussed in detail. This paper is divided into five parts. Sub-section: Part I In this paper, the background and significance of the research are introduced, the present situation of domestic and foreign research and the review of the present situation are analyzed, and the research ideas and research methods are put forward. The innovation of this paper is pointed out, which lays a solid foundation for the next study. The foundation of the second part, which is mainly about the need of theory. An overview is made. First of all, the paper expounds the understanding of the needs of the various circles at home and abroad, and then analyzes the characteristics that need to have the power, the social history, the diversity, the development and the dualism. On the basis of this, the theory of the needs of Maslow, the ERG theory of Ould and the theory of the need of Marxism are discussed. The third part mainly analyzes the need of the theory to the university's thought The enlightenment of political education is to first put forward that the ideological and political education of the university should pay attention to the most basic material needs of the college students, and then put forward that the ideological and political education of the university should be good for the development of the high-level needs of the college students at a low level, and then put forward that the university's ideological and political education should pay attention to the university The difference of students' needs; finally, it is pointed out that the ideological and political education of colleges and universities should lead the generation and the social development of the college students The fourth part mainly analyses the existence of the need theory in the application of ideological and political education in colleges and universities The problems in the application of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, including the following three aspects: the pertinence of the ideological and political education of the university and the actual needs of the college students, the quality of the educators and the development of the times There is a certain gap in the demand of the exhibition; the current state of the education system and the university of the new period The reason of the problem is that the ideological and political education in colleges and universities ignore the main demand of the college students, and the ideological and political education in colleges and universities ignore the motive force required; the ideological and political education in colleges and universities ignore the college students to be produced The social soil; the fifth part, mainly analyzes the need of the theory in the university's ideological and political education The principle of the application of the theory in the ideological and political education of the university is described in the first part, including the following four aspects: adhering to the principle of the party's basic orientation, adhering to the principle of human-oriented, and adhering to the principle of practical efficiency. Adhere to the principle of benign and interactive service; then, from the five aspects of concept, content, method, carrier and mechanism, we discuss the need theory in the university.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G641

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