【摘要】：作為我國封建社會一種獨有的教育組織機構，書院在教育史上發(fā)揮了獨一無二的重要作用。不同于官學、私學等一般學校組織形式，書院是我國古代高等教育發(fā)展到一定歷史階段的產(chǎn)物，它同時具備了傳道解惑、學術研究、聚集書籍、祭祀先賢等功能。正因如此，我國傳統(tǒng)書院十分具有研究價值。本文運用文獻調研法、實例研究法、實地考察法、比較分析法等研究方法梳理了中國傳統(tǒng)書院的發(fā)展脈絡，并對其核心價值進行了總結，借鑒現(xiàn)代化進程中我國幾所高校的書院制實踐，闡述了當代高等教育在教育教學模式、管理理念與學術精神等許多方面都可借鑒古代書院的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，為我國在新時期下更好地進行人才培養(yǎng)與高校建設做出重要貢獻。 書院在唐末五代時期興起，歷經(jīng)宋元明清四代，逐步成為中國古代的學術研究基地和教育活動的主要承擔者，1901年清廷將書院改為學堂，傳統(tǒng)書院至此終結。在其千余年發(fā)展歷程中，書院以其獨特的個性魅力對我國古代學術發(fā)展、文化交流、人才培養(yǎng)等方面起到了巨大的推動作用。雖然傳統(tǒng)書院不復存在，但其光芒不會被遮掩。近代教育家在模仿書院組織形式、踐行書院教育思想方面做出各種積極的嘗試。 書院的獨特魅力與價值在于它在讀書人以科舉為唯一出路、思想被嚴重禁錮僵化的封建社會教育體系與環(huán)境下，建立起一種自由靈動的生活化的教育教學模式，堅持獨立自主的管理理念并形成了一套完備的管理體系，其開放包容的學術精神又為它增添了有別于官學、私學的特點和魅力。 香港和內地部分高校借鑒傳統(tǒng)書院中的積極經(jīng)驗，進行了一系列的嘗試和探索，這些實踐既有其共同之處又帶有各自不同的特色，，為我們提供了在當代教育中選擇性借鑒書院制的可行性證明。 我國高等教育要克服發(fā)展中暴露的弊端，汲取傳統(tǒng)書院文化的優(yōu)秀成分，首先要轉變以往刻板、單一的教學模式，讓學生在生活中學習，在與老師的日常交流中獲得進步；其次要走獨立自主、高度自治的管理之路，充分發(fā)揮學生自主管理的作用，調動各機構進行高效管理；最后還應營造良好的學術氛圍，讓學生在一個開放包容、交流廣泛的大環(huán)境下學習。
[Abstract]:As a unique educational organization in the feudal society of our country, academies play a unique role in the history of education. Different from official and private schools, academies are the products of the development of Chinese ancient higher education to a certain historical stage. They also have the functions of missionary puzzles, academic research, gathering books and offering sacrifices to the ancestors. For this reason, the traditional academy of learning in China is of great research value. In this paper, the author combs the development of Chinese traditional academy and summarizes its core value by using the methods of literature investigation, case study, field investigation, comparative analysis and so on. Drawing lessons from the practice of academies in several colleges and universities in our country in the process of modernization, this paper expounds that modern higher education can draw lessons from the fine traditions of ancient academies in many aspects, such as educational teaching mode, management idea and academic spirit, etc. It is an important contribution to the cultivation of talents and the construction of colleges and universities in China in the new period. The academy rose in the late Tang Dynasty and the five dynasties. After the four dynasties of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, it gradually became the main carrier of academic research base and educational activities in ancient China. In 1901, the Academy was transformed into a school by the Qing Dynasty, and the traditional Academy ended at this point. In the course of its development for more than a thousand years, Academy played a great role in promoting the ancient academic development, cultural exchange, talent training and so on with its unique personality charm. Although the traditional academy no longer exists, its light will not be obscured. Modern educationalists made various positive attempts in imitating the form of the academy and practicing the educational thought of the academy. The unique charm and value of the academy lies in the fact that it established a free and intelligent educational and teaching mode in the feudal society in which the scholars regarded the imperial examination as the only way out and the feudal society education system and environment was seriously confined. Adhering to the concept of independent management and forming a set of complete management system, its open and inclusive academic spirit has added to its characteristics and charm of being different from the official and private schools. Some colleges and universities in Hong Kong and the mainland have made a series of attempts and explorations based on the positive experience of traditional academies. These practices have their common points and have their own different characteristics. It provides us with evidence of the feasibility of using the college system for reference selectively in contemporary education. In order to overcome the defects exposed in the development of higher education in our country and absorb the excellent elements of the traditional college culture, we must first change the former stereotype and single teaching mode, so that students can learn in life and make progress in their daily communication with teachers. Secondly, we should take the road of independent and highly autonomous management, give full play to the role of students' autonomous management, and mobilize various institutions to carry out efficient management. Finally, we should also create a good academic atmosphere so that students can be open and inclusive. Learn in a wide range of environments.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G649.299

【引證文獻】

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1 王素梅;朱婕;;書院制背景下教學改革模式探究[J];當代教育理論與實踐;2014年12期

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1 童晶;中國書院文化展示設計研究[D];湖南師范大學;2016年

2 孫利娟;書院制度對高中生語文自學能力培養(yǎng)的啟示研究[D];河北師范大學;2015年

本文編號：2284332