本文選題：大學生 + 膳食結構　； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：大學時期是人生發(fā)展的一個特殊階段,從高中緊張的學習狀態(tài)中過渡到了大學自由,松散的環(huán)境,這種過渡助長了飲食結構不合理。這種不良的結構使大學生營養(yǎng)過剩造成肥胖等疾病以及攝入的營養(yǎng)不足,使得身體素質下降。本文根據大學生的日常飲食習慣,通過調查分析,得出影響其體質健康的因素,通過合理的監(jiān)督和措施的執(zhí)行,規(guī)范大學生的日常飲食,切實提高大學生的體質健康。選取長沙市5所教育部批準的普通高等學校的500名大二、大三學生,其中985高校1所,211高校1所,省屬重點高校2所,市屬重點高校1所,被調查的學生所在學校在高校的不同層面上,因此,調查結果具有代表性。本文研究采用KAP營養(yǎng)調查問卷和24h回顧法,為本課題的研究提供相對準確科學的資料和數據來源。調查結果如下：(1)800m成績和臺階實驗與是否吃早餐、是否吃零食、是否吃夜宵、能量等營養(yǎng)素呈正相關。50m成績與各指標之間無明顯相關性,說明50米成績要求的體育鍛煉差別不大,且與是否吃早餐、是否吃零食、是否吃夜宵、能量等營養(yǎng)素的攝入關系不大。(2)肺活量指標與谷類、菜類、奶類、夜宵頻率、蛋白質、脂肪、Fe、維生素A、維生素B1正相關。(3)從檢驗結果得出的大二、大三學生的身高比較來看,雞蛋、牛奶攝入頻率高,蛋白質和優(yōu)質蛋白質攝入多,維生素A、維生素B2、鈣等礦物質攝入多,吃早餐的頻率高、少吃夜宵與增高有關,說明膳食結構中牛奶、雞蛋、優(yōu)質蛋白質、鈣等膳食營養(yǎng)素對大學生的身高增高有明顯影響,排除遺傳因素的影響,大學生仍然可以通過合理的膳食結構改變他們的身高。(4)視力不良指標與谷類、菜類、奶類、夜宵頻率、蛋白質、脂肪、Fe、維生素A、維生素B1正相關,血壓偏高指標與菜類、水果、魚類、Ca、維生素A、維生素B1正相關,貧血與早餐、零食和Fe正相關。 通過調查及分析,發(fā)現長沙市的大二、大三學生存在較多的膳食結構和體質健康問題,主要表現為零食使用過多、夜宵過多、食物營養(yǎng)元素的獲取不均衡,呈現出普遍的營養(yǎng)缺乏。原因一方面體現在注重形體美、減肥節(jié)食；另一方面是飲食消費能力限制。造成經常不吃早餐,或早餐吃的過晚,帶到課堂上吃：寢室熄燈晚,常常到半夜1-2點鐘；零食使用過多,導致肥胖等疾病；食物的選擇依據不是根據其營養(yǎng)元素的含量,而是主要依據個人愛好的口味和日常形成的飲食習慣。因此,有必要加強膳食管理和干預,指導大學生合理膳食。同時對大學生進行營養(yǎng)知識的宣傳教育,從而幫助其進行合理的食物選擇,改進他們的膳食結構,以切實的提高他們的體質健康。
[Abstract]:The university period is a special stage in the development of life. The transition from the tense learning state in the senior high school to the free and loose environment in the university contributes to the irrational diet structure. This poor structure causes obesity and other diseases, as well as inadequate intake of nutrition, resulting in a decline in physical fitness. According to the daily eating habits of college students and through investigation and analysis, this paper draws the conclusion that the factors affecting their physical health can be improved by reasonable supervision and implementation of measures to regulate the daily diet of college students and to improve their physical health. In this paper, 500 sophomores and junior students of 5 colleges and universities approved by the Ministry of Education in Changsha City are selected. Among them, 985 colleges and universities have one or two universities, two provincial key universities and one municipal key colleges and universities. The students are in different levels of higher education, so the results are representative. In this paper, KAP nutrition questionnaire and 24 h review method were used to provide relatively accurate and scientific data sources for the study of this subject. The results are as follows: (1) there is no significant correlation between 800m achievement and step test and whether to eat breakfast, snack or not, energy and other nutrients. It shows that there is no significant difference between physical exercise and breakfast, whether to eat snacks, whether to eat supper or not, whether to eat energy and other nutrients. (2) vital capacity index and cereals, vegetables, milk, frequency of supper, protein, etc. Fat Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 are positively correlated. (3) comparing the height of sophomore and sophomore students from the test results, egg and milk intake frequency is high, and protein and high quality protein intake is high. Vitamin A, vitamin B2, calcium and other minerals were ingested more frequently, and the frequency of breakfast was high. Eating less supper was related to the increase, which indicated that dietary nutrients such as milk, eggs, high quality protein, calcium and other dietary nutrients in the dietary structure had a significant effect on the increase of college students' height. Excluding the influence of genetic factors, college students can still change their height through a reasonable dietary structure. (4) the visual impairment index is positively correlated with cereals, vegetables, milk, supper frequency, protein, fat Feb, vitamin A, vitamin B1, etc. High blood pressure was positively correlated with vegetables, fruits, fish, vitamin A, vitamin B1, anemia and breakfast, snacks and Fe. Through investigation and analysis, it is found that the sophomore and junior students in Changsha have more problems in dietary structure and physical health, which are mainly manifested in the excessive use of snacks, too much supper, and unbalanced access to food nutrients. There is a widespread nutritional deficiency. On the one hand, the reason is to pay attention to body beauty, weight loss diet; on the other hand, dietary consumption capacity restrictions. Often skip breakfast, or eat too late for breakfast, take it to class: turn off the lights in your bedroom late, often until 1-2 o'clock in the middle of the night; use too many snacks, leading to diseases such as obesity; and choose your food on the basis of its nutrient content. But mainly based on the taste of personal interests and the daily formation of eating habits. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen dietary management and intervention to guide college students to eat properly. At the same time, the propaganda and education of nutrition knowledge was carried out to help college students to choose reasonable food, improve their dietary structure, and improve their physical health.
【學位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TS201.4;G647.82

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