高校學生學業(yè)評價模式選擇研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-06-15 10:51
本文選題:高校 + 學業(yè)評價模式 ; 參考:《河北師范大學》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:學業(yè)評價模式?jīng)Q定著教育評價活動的成敗,對學業(yè)評價活動的開展起指導作用。隨著教育實踐多樣化和復雜化的深入,教育評價領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)了幾十種評價模式。由于每一種模式都有其特定的評價理念、基本理論、評價思路和方法,因此不同的評價模式各有優(yōu)劣,適用范圍各不相同。正確選擇學生學業(yè)評價模式對學業(yè)評價改革具有重要的理論與實踐價值。長期以來,我國高校學生學業(yè)評價普遍采用泰勒的目標導向模式。但是隨著教育實踐與改革的不斷發(fā)展進步,教育評價理念不斷更新,學業(yè)評價的視域范圍也隨之擴展,傳統(tǒng)評價模式已經(jīng)不能適應當前高校學業(yè)評價工作改革的需要,,其弊端開始嚴重阻礙學生素質(zhì)的提高。在這種背景下,如何正確選擇與運用學生學業(yè)評價模式,既是當前高校師生共同關(guān)注的方向,也是亟待研究和解決的課題。 通過相關(guān)文獻資料的查閱與歸納分析,將學生學業(yè)評價模式歸納為預定式學業(yè)評價模式和非預定式學業(yè)評價模式兩類基本模式。預定式學業(yè)評價模式以泰勒的目標導向模式為代表,強調(diào)以預定的教育目標為依據(jù),確定評價內(nèi)容、制定評價標準,實施評價。該模式具有嚴謹?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)并且直接反映目標和學生的進展情況,因此備受推崇。但是該模式過于強調(diào)教育目標及目標的達成度,導致教育活動緊緊朝向目標規(guī)定的方向發(fā)展,而預定目標之外的非預期效應被忽視,大大限制了評價的范圍;另外預定目標本身的合理性也無法判斷。這些弊端直接導致評價流于片面,不能全面、有效、科學的反映學生學業(yè)水平。非預定式學業(yè)評價模式以“多元主義”價值觀為導向,強調(diào)目標的不確定性,主張在評價過程中,所有評價相關(guān)者平等合作、協(xié)商制定評價目標、標準和內(nèi)容,并根據(jù)需要隨時改進;主張采用定量與定性相結(jié)合的方式共同完成對學業(yè)的評價。非預定式學業(yè)評價模式在很大程度上改進了預定式評價模式的不足,但由于實施程序復雜,成本高昂,且對評價者素質(zhì)要求高,實施起來比較困難。兩類模式各有利弊,每一種模式都有其適用的范圍和條件。 經(jīng)過對當前我國高校學業(yè)評價模式的選擇現(xiàn)狀進行調(diào)查分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),預定式學業(yè)評價模式在我國高校學業(yè)評價中長期以來一直占據(jù)主導地位,但也有部分高校教師嘗試運用非預定式評價模式。當前我國高校學生學業(yè)評價模式選擇與運用過程中存在的主要問題包括:學業(yè)評價模式單一且以偏概全;模式選擇受制于教師主觀判斷;與學生學業(yè)評價改革耦合性低;與素質(zhì)教育要求匹配性差。綜合分析,產(chǎn)生這些問題的最根本原因是當前指導我國高校學業(yè)評價模式選擇的理論與實踐研究不足。 綜合運用規(guī)范分析與實證分析后認為,高校在選擇學生學業(yè)評價模式應該注意遵循發(fā)展性、差異性、實效性和開放性等一般原則。其具體選擇策略包括:以明確評價目的為學業(yè)評價模式選擇的前提;依據(jù)學業(yè)評價內(nèi)容的不同,選擇學業(yè)評價模式;強化教師理論知識水平和評價技能,不斷提高教師評價素養(yǎng);借鑒有益經(jīng)驗,樹立權(quán)變思想。
[Abstract]:The academic evaluation model determines the success and failure of educational evaluation activities and guides the development of academic evaluation activities . With the diversification and complexity of educational practice , there are dozens of evaluation modes in the field of education evaluation .
This model is based on Taylor ' s goal - oriented model . It emphasizes that the goal - oriented model of Taylor is based on the goal - oriented model of Taylor , the evaluation content is determined , the evaluation criterion is established , and the evaluation is carried out . The model has strict structure and directly reflects the progress of the target and students , which leads to the development of educational activities in the direction of the target , and the unintended effect beyond the intended goal is ignored , which greatly limits the scope of evaluation ;
In addition , the rationality of the target itself cannot be determined . These drawbacks directly result in the evaluation of the students ' academic level . The non - pre - defined academic evaluation model is guided by the " pluralism " values , emphasizes the uncertainty of the goal , advocates the equal cooperation of all the stakeholders in the evaluation process , develops the evaluation goals , standards and content , and improves at any time according to the needs ;
It is argued that quantitative and qualitative methods are combined to accomplish the evaluation of academic studies . Non - pre - defined academic evaluation models have improved the deficiencies of the pre - defined evaluation model to a large extent . However , because the implementation procedure is complex , the cost is high , and the quality requirement of the evaluator is high , it is difficult to implement it . Both modes have advantages and disadvantages , and each mode has its application scope and conditions .
After the investigation and analysis of the current situation of the selection of academic evaluation model in China ' s colleges and universities , it is found that the pre - established academic evaluation model has been dominant for a long time in the evaluation of academic performance in our country , but some university teachers have tried to apply the non - predetermined evaluation mode .
the mode selection is subject to the subjective judgment of the teacher ;
There is a low coupling between the students ' academic evaluation and reform ;
The most basic reason for these problems is the lack of theoretical and practical research on the choice of academic evaluation model in China .
After the comprehensive application of normative analysis and empirical analysis , it is believed that the universities should pay attention to the general principles of development , difference , effectiveness , openness and so on .
According to the content of academic evaluation , choose the academic evaluation model ;
To strengthen the level of theoretical knowledge and the evaluation skills of teachers , and to improve the teachers ' quality of evaluation ;
To learn from the useful experience , set up the right to change the thought .
【學位授予單位】:河北師范大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:G642.0
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