本文選題：留美博士 + 出國動因　； 參考：《華東師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著高等教育國際化深入發(fā)展,美國作為世界高等教育與科研中心的吸引力日益增強,中國學生留美攻讀博士愈發(fā)普遍,其規(guī)模不斷增長,學科范圍日漸擴大,畢業(yè)后留美比例居高不下,這成為倍受關注的人才流動現(xiàn)象。而在中國與美國人才競爭中,亟需研究這些留美博士的出國動因、歸國意向和職業(yè)選擇。 本文試圖從資本理論的角度來探究留美博士的出國行為、歸國意向及其職業(yè)取向。本研究運用質性研究方法,通過對14位高年級留美博士的兩次深度訪談,描述留美博士的出國動因、歸國意向與職業(yè)取向,透視導致其外在影響因素和內(nèi)在影響因素,并進而考察三者之間的聯(lián)系。 留美博士的出國留學受環(huán)境層面因素、個人層面因素及重要他人的共同影響,相互作用。留美博士希望通過在海外讀博建立社會網(wǎng)絡、獲取海外知名高校的博士學位,以及接受系統(tǒng)的訓練,由此積累符號資本、社會資本和文化資本,并憑借這些資本維持和提升其社會地位,實現(xiàn)階層流動。 留美博士階層流動的意愿還表現(xiàn)于其歸國意向。從環(huán)境層面來說,中美兩國的制度環(huán)境、就業(yè)環(huán)境、生活環(huán)境以及文化差異等推拉因素影響博士群體的歸國意向。而從個人層面來說,家庭因素有著深遠的影響。父母職業(yè)屬于中產(chǎn)及以上階層,并來自大城市或東部沿海城市的博士生,更傾向于回國就業(yè)。就學科而言,人文社科類的博士更傾向于回國。然而,國內(nèi)的薪酬水平對留美博士生并沒有吸引力。 就職業(yè)取向而言,博士群體都希望畢業(yè)后的職業(yè)可以讓其達到中產(chǎn)階層生活水平,希望維持與父母同等甚至高于父母的階層地位。大部分博士都希望從事學術職業(yè),一方面是出于對學術的興趣,另一方面是由于學術職業(yè)有較高的社會階層地位。留美博士致力于追求自我價值實現(xiàn),對于父母屬于較高社會階層的群體而言更是如此,他們實現(xiàn)階層流動的壓力相對較小,而實現(xiàn)自我價值的愿望更加強烈。
[Abstract]:With the further development of the internationalization of higher education, the United States as the world's attractiveness of higher education and scientific research center of increasing, Chinese doctoral students in America have become more and more popular, increasing its size, widening the scope of subject, after graduating from the United States to become the high proportion of this phenomenon is paid more attention in the flow of talent. China and American talent competition. The United States need to study abroad motivation, intention and occupation returning choice.
This paper tries to explore the doctor in the United States abroad behavior from the capital perspective, returning the intention and occupation orientation. This research uses qualitative research methods, through two in-depth interviews of 14 senior doctor in the United States, the United States, the reasons described abroad, returning intention and vocational orientation, resulting in its perspective influence factors and internal factors influence between, and investigate the connection of the three.
The doctor in the United States to study abroad by the environmental factors, the combined effect of individual factors and important others interaction. Dr. America hopes to establish a social network in the overseas study, obtain a PhD in the famous overseas universities, and training system, the accumulation of symbolic capital, social capital and cultural capital, and by virtue of the capital to maintain and improve their social status, to achieve social mobility.
Dr. America mobility will also show on the returning intention. From the environmental perspective, institutional environment, China and the United States employment environment, living environment and cultural differences and other factors, push and pull groups returning intention. From personal perspective, has the profound influence of family factors. Parents' occupation belong to the middle and above class, and doctoral students from the big city or the eastern coastal city, more inclined to return to employment. On the subject, humanities and Social Sciences, more inclined to return home. However, the domestic salary level of doctoral student leaving the United States did not appeal.
On occupation orientation, Dr. group hope after graduation occupation can let to the middle-class living standards, hope to maintain equal or even higher than their parents and parents of the status. Most of Dr. in the hope that the academic occupation, one is for academic interest, on the other hand is due to the academic occupation have higher social status. The doctor in the United States is committed to the pursuit of self realization, the parents are of higher social class groups is even more so, they realize the mobility of the pressure is relatively small, and the realization of self value desire more intense.

【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G648.9

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