【摘要】： 民國時期,是中國近代歷史上的重要轉型時期。這一時期,政治斗爭紛雜,軍閥割據(jù)一方,經(jīng)濟衰敗蕭條。而在思想文化領域,大批知識分子和有志之士面對民族危機,國家危亡的時刻,紛紛提出自己的救國主張。其中教育救國論成為當時重要的社會思潮之一。教育救國論是伴隨著新文化運動的興起而興起的。它隨著資產(chǎn)階級和小資產(chǎn)階級知識分子的不斷提倡,以及西方資產(chǎn)階級的教育理念和教育思想的傳入,在當時特殊的歷史條件下,逐漸形成一股社會思潮。 馮玉祥是中國近代史上著名的政治和軍事人物,對中華民族的歷史產(chǎn)生過重要的影響。他戎馬一生,愛國愛民。面對民族危亡的現(xiàn)狀,他以自己的行動踐行救國救民的道路。 馮玉祥出生于貧困的農(nóng)村家庭,自幼飽受失學之苦,對難得的一年正式學校學習非常珍惜。在以后的軍旅生涯中,馮玉祥堅持學習,孜孜不倦。每每看到失學兒童,他都會萬分心痛。他對社會教育事業(yè),尤其是農(nóng)村教育事業(yè)給予了更多的關注。正是這種憂國憂民的思想情感驅使著馮玉祥投身教育事業(yè)。加上馮玉祥對西方基督教情有獨鐘。他認為,基督教有精神、愛心和希望三種力量,基督教的仁愛教義和儒家的思想具有一脈相承的作用。他認為宗教具有教育所不能達到的作用。所以馮玉祥在軍事訓練中,將基督教義在軍中加以宣傳。這些都是馮玉祥教育思想形成的基礎和前提。 在教育的內(nèi)容上,馮玉祥以愛國主義為主線,形成一套自己的教育理念。在軍事教育中,堅持愛國主義精神,注重軍隊將領的表率作用,維護和平的治軍原則,編輯各類小冊教育士兵,搞好與下級士兵的關系；在教育原則上,堅持培養(yǎng)實用主義人才,注重科學與技術,培養(yǎng)合乎當時社會需要的人才；堅持德、智、體、群育,全面發(fā)展的教育方針,注重體育事業(yè)的發(fā)展,提倡集體主義教育；弘揚民族精神；強化職業(yè)教育,號召青年大學生以所學結合社會,做社會有用人才。弘揚民族精神,增強愛國主義情感,積極推行精神教育。創(chuàng)辦各類以培養(yǎng)生存技能為目的的職業(yè)學校。提倡婦女解放,男女平等。女子不僅享有和男子一樣的受教育權利和參與社會活動的權利,而且,婦女肩負治家和教育子女的責任。推行義務教育和平民教育。不僅包括貧困地區(qū)的失學兒童,也包括偏遠地區(qū)少數(shù)民族的義務教育兒童。馮玉祥還對族人實行嚴格的家族教育,制定《馮氏族約》等供遵守,對子女教育以勤儉、樸素、民主、自由教育為本,但也十分嚴格。 在教育實踐中,在軍事訓練及其創(chuàng)辦的各類學校中,積極推行職業(yè)教育,讓每一位學生都能掌握一技之長,在社會上可以自謀生路,為社會減輕負擔；馮玉祥身體力行推行義務教育,在各地創(chuàng)辦中小學,如武訓小學、汾陽峪小學、園山小學等。創(chuàng)辦女子培德學校,如先后在北京、南苑和通州軍事駐扎地創(chuàng)辦的女子培德學校,學校以女子勤勞、耐苦、管家、教子為美德教育,不僅如此,還教授工藝制作,讓她們掌握一定的生存技能。 馮玉祥教育思想體現(xiàn)了教育思想的實用主義、服務社會、教育公平等原則,具有科學性和實用性的特點。但是由于受當時社會環(huán)境的影響,馮玉祥教育思想沒有科學的系統(tǒng)性,突出反映在他在軍事教育和愛國主義、實用主義的教育理念上。
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, it was an important transformation period in the modern history of China. During this period, the political struggle was complicated, the warlords were cut to one side, and the economy was in a depression. In the field of thought and culture, a large number of intellectuals and people with lofty ideals in the face of the crisis of the nation, the time of the country's crisis, have put forward their own national salvation. The theory of education and salvation has become one of the important social thoughts of the time. The theory of education and salvation has arisen with the rise of the new cultural movement. With the development of the bourgeoisie and the petty-bourgeois intellectuals, and the introduction of the western bourgeoisie's educational ideas and educational thoughts, it gradually formed a trend of social thought under the special historical conditions at that time. Feng Yuxiang is a well-known political and military figure in the modern history of China, which is of great importance to the history of the Chinese nation The influence. He's a life, love. In the face of the present situation of the nation's crisis, he practiced the rescue of the nation with his own actions The road. Feng Yu-xiang, born in poor rural families, has been suffering from out-of-school and has a rare one-year official study. The school study is very valuable. In the future military career, Feng Yuxiang insists Learning, indefatigable. Every time you see out-of-school children, He's all heartbroken. He's given the cause of social education, especially the cause of rural education. More attention has been paid to it. It is the thoughts and feelings of the worried people that drive Feng Yu To join in the cause of education. Add Feng Yuxiang to the West. Christianity has a single clock. He believes that Christianity has the spirit, the love and the hope of three kinds of power, the Christian principle of love and the thought of the Confucian. The role of a pulse. He believed that religion had an education. Therefore, Feng Yuxiang, in military training, will make a sense of Christianity Propaganda in the army. These are Feng Yuxiang's educational thought. On the content of education, Feng Yuxiang is the main line of patriotism. To form a set of own educational ideas, in the military education, to adhere to the spirit of patriotism, to pay attention to the table-rate role of the military commanders, to maintain the principle of the rule of law for the maintenance of peace, to edit all kinds of small-volume education soldiers and to do well the relationship with the lower-level soldiers, and in principle, to adhere to the cultivation of the practical master We should focus on the science and technology and train the talents that are in need of the society at that time; adhere to the educational policy of morality, intelligence, body, group and all-round development, pay attention to the development of the sports cause, promote the collectivism education, carry forward the national spirit, strengthen the vocational education, and call for the green In-year college students to learn the knot To promote the spirit of the nation and to enhance the patriotism The emotional and active promotion of the spirit education. A vocational school for the purpose of storing skills. To promote women's liberation and equality between men and women. Women are not only entitled to the right to education and to participate in social activities, as men and women, and that women's shoulders The responsibility of the negative governance and the education of children. The introduction of compulsory education and the education of civilians not only includes out-of-school children in poor areas, but also in remote areas The children of the compulsory education of the minority nationalities. Feng Yuxiang also carries out strict family education to the people, and develops the P. The education-oriented, but also very strict, in the education practice, in the military training and the various schools set up, the vocational education is carried out actively, so that every student can master the technical skills, and the society can self-benefit the way, to reduce the burden of the society; and Feng Yuxiang's practice to carry out compulsory education and to set up primary and secondary schools throughout the country, such as Wu The primary school, Fenyang Primary School, Yuanshan Primary School and so on. The establishment of the women's Peide school, such as the women's Peide School, which has been set up in Beijing, Nanyuan and Tongzhou, has been taught by women's hard-working, bitter, butler and godson. Making and making them master certain survival skills. Feng Yuxiang's education thought embodies the pragmatism, the service society and the education of the educational thought. On the basis of the influence of the social environment at that time, Feng Yuxiang's education thought has no scientific systematicness, which is reflected in his army
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：G40-09

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 丁宇;;論馮玉祥教育思想的本土化特色[J];中國電力教育;2013年04期

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本文編號：2437549