本文選題：英國 + 19世紀　； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 從19世紀中期開始,英國的經(jīng)濟、政治、科技、思想等領(lǐng)域的深刻變革對英國古典教育的傳統(tǒng)提出了嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域的競爭,使英國民眾逐漸認識到開展科技教育的必要性和重要性。政治體制改革的深入和中產(chǎn)階級的崛起為科技教育體系的建立營造了適宜的政治氛圍。科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展為科技教育提供了充足的知識儲備,各國在科技領(lǐng)域的競爭更為科技教育的發(fā)展提供了不竭動力。功利主義的興起和科學(xué)教育思想的廣泛傳播,則在很大程度上為科技教育的發(fā)展發(fā)揮了鳴鑼開道的作用。在這種背景下,英國政府采取設(shè)立皇家委員會、立法、資助等形式,推動科技教育體系的建立和發(fā)展。政府的及時管理和干預(yù),對英國科技教育的發(fā)展起到了很大的推動作用。經(jīng)過近半個世紀的發(fā)展,至19世紀末期英國的科技教育體系基本建立。 本文在分析英國科技教育發(fā)展的背景、追述政府在干預(yù)和推動科技教育方面所采取的措施的基礎(chǔ)上,將從中等教育、高等教育、成人教育3個主要層面闡述19世紀中后期英國科技教育發(fā)展的歷程。在中等教育領(lǐng)域,古典學(xué)科雖仍在公學(xué)(Public School)和文法學(xué)校(Grammer School)的課程體系中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,但自然學(xué)科等學(xué)科已然邁入公學(xué)和文法學(xué)校的課堂。與此同時,以服務(wù)社會為主要宗旨、強調(diào)科學(xué)等新興學(xué)科的私立中學(xué)獲得了較快的發(fā)展,在提高學(xué)生的生產(chǎn)和生活能力方面發(fā)揮了很大的作用。在高等教育領(lǐng)域,倫敦大學(xué)和城市學(xué)院以現(xiàn)代科學(xué)為核心教學(xué)內(nèi)容,沖破了牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)對高等教育的壟斷。牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)自然科學(xué)榮譽學(xué)位考試制度的建立及通過考試的學(xué)生人數(shù)的增加,標志著科學(xué)教育在傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)也已經(jīng)站穩(wěn)腳跟。卡文迪什實驗室和克拉萊登等實驗室的創(chuàng)辦,表明英國大學(xué)開始承擔(dān)起科學(xué)研究的職能,大學(xué)的社會職能進一步完善。在成人教育領(lǐng)域,技工講習(xí)所(Mechanics’Institutions)持續(xù)發(fā)展,夜校、科學(xué)學(xué)校等成人教育機構(gòu)相繼涌現(xiàn),各種各樣的科學(xué)協(xié)會、學(xué)會紛紛成立。這些成人教育機構(gòu)和科學(xué)團體在普及科學(xué)知識,提高全社會的科技水平方面發(fā)揮了十分重要的作用。 19世紀中后期英國科技教育的發(fā)展蘊含著寶貴的歷史經(jīng)驗,深入總結(jié)其經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),可以加深我們對英國近代教育史的認識,亦可為我國實施科教興國戰(zhàn)略提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the 19th century, the profound changes in the fields of economy, politics, science and technology, thought and so on have posed a severe challenge to the tradition of British classical education. The competition in the economic field makes the British people realize the necessity and importance of science and technology education. The deepening of political system reform and the rise of middle class have created a suitable political atmosphere for the establishment of science and technology education system. The rapid development of science and technology provides sufficient knowledge reserve for science and technology education, and the competition in the field of science and technology provides an inexhaustible power for the development of science and technology education. The rise of utilitarianism and the wide spread of scientific education thought play an important role in the development of science and technology education to a great extent. In this context, the British government established the Royal Commission, legislation, funding and other forms to promote the establishment and development of science and technology education system. The government's timely management and intervention have greatly promoted the development of science and technology education in Britain. After nearly half a century of development, by the end of the 19 th century, the British science and technology education system was basically established. On the basis of analyzing the background of the development of science and technology education in Britain and recalling the measures taken by the government to intervene and promote science and technology education, this paper will start with secondary education and higher education. The development of science and technology education in England in the middle and late 19th century is described in three main levels of adult education. In the field of secondary education, classical subjects still dominate the curriculum system of Public School and Grammer School, but natural subjects and other subjects have entered the classroom of Public School and Grammer School. At the same time, the private middle schools with the aim of serving the society and emphasizing new subjects such as science have developed rapidly and played a great role in improving the students' ability of production and life. In the field of higher education, the University of London and the City College take modern science as the core teaching content, breaking through the monopoly of Oxford University and Cambridge University on higher education. The establishment of the examination system for the honorary degree in natural science at Oxford and Cambridge universities and the increase in the number of students passing the examination indicate that science education has also established its foothold in traditional universities. The establishment of Cavendish Labs and Clariden Laboratories shows that British universities begin to assume the function of scientific research and their social functions are further improved. In the field of adult education, mechanical institutions have continued to develop, evening schools, science schools and other adult education institutions have emerged, a variety of scientific associations have been established. These adult education institutions and scientific groups are spreading scientific knowledge, The development of science and technology education in Britain in the middle and late 19th century contained valuable historical experience, and summarized its experience and lessons in depth. It can deepen our understanding of the history of modern British education, and also provide reference for our country to carry out the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：G556.1

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張京;18-19世紀英國職業(yè)技術(shù)教育發(fā)展問題及對策研究[D];西南大學(xué);2014年

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本文編號：2117200