對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)離合詞擴(kuò)展形式及教學(xué)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-09 18:41
【摘要】： 離合詞是漢語(yǔ)中一種特殊的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,是對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)。離合詞難不在于它的“合”的形式,而在于“離”的形式,即離合詞的擴(kuò)展形式。離合詞的擴(kuò)展形式是復(fù)雜多樣的,我們要加強(qiáng)對(duì)擴(kuò)展形式的研究,以期改善離合詞的教學(xué)效果不佳的現(xiàn)狀。 目前在漢語(yǔ)界,關(guān)于離合詞的定性問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有得到解決;離合詞的鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也有很大的差異,因此,本文將繞過(guò)離合詞定性的理論分歧,采用趙淑華、張寶林兩位先生對(duì)離合詞的鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),吸收他們的研究成果,對(duì)從《漢語(yǔ)水平詞匯與漢字等級(jí)大綱》中確定的245個(gè)離合詞進(jìn)行逐一全面地考察,以了解它們的擴(kuò)展形式。全面考察所有的離合詞,列出常用的擴(kuò)展形式。根據(jù)常用性和難度(根據(jù)學(xué)生的掌握情況來(lái)確定)對(duì)各種擴(kuò)展形式排序,并參考《漢語(yǔ)水平標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與語(yǔ)法等級(jí)大綱》,將它們合理排入語(yǔ)法體系中,以指導(dǎo)離合詞的教學(xué)。 本文的研究方法主要有:定量分析:針對(duì)《漢語(yǔ)水平詞匯與漢字等級(jí)大綱》確定離合詞的數(shù)量;語(yǔ)料庫(kù):通過(guò)北大語(yǔ)料庫(kù),考察每一個(gè)離合詞的各種擴(kuò)展形式;調(diào)查問(wèn)卷:設(shè)計(jì)包含離合詞擴(kuò)展形式的問(wèn)卷,調(diào)查不同年級(jí)留學(xué)生的掌握情況。 本文的內(nèi)容主要有:第一部分緒論,涉及課題意義、課題創(chuàng)新性、研究目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容、方法;第二部分為文獻(xiàn)回顧,主要回顧了前人對(duì)離合詞的定性研究、鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究、擴(kuò)展形式研究、語(yǔ)用研究及教學(xué)研究;第三部分離合詞的確定,主要是確定本文要研究的離合詞范圍,并對(duì)鑒定出的離合詞從等級(jí)、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)等角度進(jìn)行分類(lèi);第四部分為離合詞擴(kuò)展形式研究,對(duì)擴(kuò)展進(jìn)行了界定,探討了離合詞可以擴(kuò)展的原因、離合詞的發(fā)展、擴(kuò)展形式的發(fā)展過(guò)程等問(wèn)題,通過(guò)在北大語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中對(duì)鑒定出來(lái)的離合詞進(jìn)行逐一全面地考察,我們總結(jié)出離合詞的擴(kuò)展形式。進(jìn)而根據(jù)擴(kuò)展形式的常用性,我們對(duì)離合詞的擴(kuò)展形式進(jìn)行了由高到低的排序,確定了18種常用擴(kuò)展形式;第五部分是針對(duì)初中高級(jí)留學(xué)生的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷分析,對(duì)“化石化”現(xiàn)象及倒退現(xiàn)象的離合詞擴(kuò)展形式進(jìn)行了分析,并依據(jù)學(xué)生的正確率嘗試對(duì)離合詞擴(kuò)展形式在初級(jí)、中級(jí)和高級(jí)教學(xué)中的分布情況進(jìn)行了處理;第六部分為離合詞擴(kuò)展形式的語(yǔ)用問(wèn)題,我們認(rèn)為,離合詞的擴(kuò)展形式主要起三種作用:突出焦點(diǎn)、增加語(yǔ)氣、結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱(chēng);第七部分為離合詞教學(xué),我們提出了教學(xué)原則,在教學(xué)內(nèi)容中對(duì)離合詞、離合詞擴(kuò)展形式、擴(kuò)展形式相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)都進(jìn)行了分級(jí)處理,主張?jiān)诔跫?jí)、中級(jí)和高級(jí)不同的教學(xué)階段,循序漸進(jìn)有側(cè)重地學(xué)習(xí)各級(jí)的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。對(duì)教材編寫(xiě)及練習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)也提出了建議。最后我們簡(jiǎn)單探討了一些值得注意的問(wèn)題,包括離合詞帶賓語(yǔ)問(wèn)題、帶補(bǔ)語(yǔ)問(wèn)題和離合詞重疊問(wèn)題等。 本文重點(diǎn)研究離合詞的擴(kuò)展形式及教學(xué)的相關(guān)問(wèn)題,希望能對(duì)今后的教學(xué)有所幫助。
[Abstract]:Disjunctive words are a special language phenomenon in Chinese and a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is difficult not in the form of "harmony", but in the form of "separation", that is, the expanded form of the word. The expansion forms of the words are complex and diverse, so we should strengthen the research on the expansion forms in order to improve the present situation of the poor teaching effect of the words. At present, in Chinese, the qualitative problem of clutch words has not been solved. There are also great differences in the criteria of identification of clutch words. Therefore, this paper will bypass the theoretical differences in the qualitative nature of clutch words and adopt the identification criteria of Zhao Shuhua and Zhang Baolin to absorb their research results. In order to understand their extended form, 245 ionization words determined from the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters were investigated one by one. A comprehensive review of all the clutch words, the list of commonly used forms of expansion. According to the degree of common use and difficulty (according to the students' mastery), this paper sorts out the various extended forms, and refers to the outline of Chinese proficiency Standards and Grammar grades, and puts them into the grammatical system reasonably, so as to guide the teaching of disjunctive words. The main research methods of this paper are as follows: quantitative analysis: according to the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters to determine the number of ionization words; Questionnaire: a questionnaire with extended form of clutch words was designed to investigate the mastery of foreign students in different grades. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first part is the introduction, which involves the significance of the subject, the innovation of the subject, the research goal, the content and the method; The second part is literature review, which mainly reviews the qualitative studies, the identification criteria, the extended form studies, the pragmatic studies and the teaching studies of the clutch words. The third part is to determine the scope of the clutch words to be studied in this paper, and to classify the identified words from the perspective of grade, internal structure and so on. In the fourth part, the author defines the extension, discusses the reasons why the word can be expanded, the development of the word, the process of the expansion, and so on. Through a comprehensive investigation of the identified words in the Peking University corpus, we summarize the extended form of the ionization words. Then, according to the commonness of extended form, we sort the extended form of clutch word from high to low, and determine 18 kinds of commonly used extension form. The fifth part is the questionnaire analysis of senior junior middle school students, the phenomenon of "chemical fossilization" and retrogression phenomenon of the expansion of the form of words, and according to the correct rate of students try to expand the form of words in the primary. Distribution in secondary and advanced education is dealt with; The sixth part is the pragmatic problem of the extended form of the clutch word. We think that the extended form of the clutch word plays three main roles: highlight the focus, increase the mood, and structure symmetry; In the seventh part, we put forward the teaching principles. In the teaching content, we classify the words, the expanded form of the words and the grammatical points related to the expansion of the words, and advocate that they should be treated at the primary level. Intermediate and advanced stages of teaching, step by step and focus on the study of teaching content at all levels. Suggestions are also given for the compilation of textbooks and the design of exercises. In the end, we briefly discuss some problems that deserve attention, including the problem of the object with the clutch word, the problem of the complement and the overlapping problem of the clutch word. This paper focuses on the extended form of ionization words and the related problems in teaching, hoping to be helpful to the teaching in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H195
本文編號(hào)：2369852
[Abstract]:Disjunctive words are a special language phenomenon in Chinese and a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is difficult not in the form of "harmony", but in the form of "separation", that is, the expanded form of the word. The expansion forms of the words are complex and diverse, so we should strengthen the research on the expansion forms in order to improve the present situation of the poor teaching effect of the words. At present, in Chinese, the qualitative problem of clutch words has not been solved. There are also great differences in the criteria of identification of clutch words. Therefore, this paper will bypass the theoretical differences in the qualitative nature of clutch words and adopt the identification criteria of Zhao Shuhua and Zhang Baolin to absorb their research results. In order to understand their extended form, 245 ionization words determined from the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters were investigated one by one. A comprehensive review of all the clutch words, the list of commonly used forms of expansion. According to the degree of common use and difficulty (according to the students' mastery), this paper sorts out the various extended forms, and refers to the outline of Chinese proficiency Standards and Grammar grades, and puts them into the grammatical system reasonably, so as to guide the teaching of disjunctive words. The main research methods of this paper are as follows: quantitative analysis: according to the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters to determine the number of ionization words; Questionnaire: a questionnaire with extended form of clutch words was designed to investigate the mastery of foreign students in different grades. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first part is the introduction, which involves the significance of the subject, the innovation of the subject, the research goal, the content and the method; The second part is literature review, which mainly reviews the qualitative studies, the identification criteria, the extended form studies, the pragmatic studies and the teaching studies of the clutch words. The third part is to determine the scope of the clutch words to be studied in this paper, and to classify the identified words from the perspective of grade, internal structure and so on. In the fourth part, the author defines the extension, discusses the reasons why the word can be expanded, the development of the word, the process of the expansion, and so on. Through a comprehensive investigation of the identified words in the Peking University corpus, we summarize the extended form of the ionization words. Then, according to the commonness of extended form, we sort the extended form of clutch word from high to low, and determine 18 kinds of commonly used extension form. The fifth part is the questionnaire analysis of senior junior middle school students, the phenomenon of "chemical fossilization" and retrogression phenomenon of the expansion of the form of words, and according to the correct rate of students try to expand the form of words in the primary. Distribution in secondary and advanced education is dealt with; The sixth part is the pragmatic problem of the extended form of the clutch word. We think that the extended form of the clutch word plays three main roles: highlight the focus, increase the mood, and structure symmetry; In the seventh part, we put forward the teaching principles. In the teaching content, we classify the words, the expanded form of the words and the grammatical points related to the expansion of the words, and advocate that they should be treated at the primary level. Intermediate and advanced stages of teaching, step by step and focus on the study of teaching content at all levels. Suggestions are also given for the compilation of textbooks and the design of exercises. In the end, we briefly discuss some problems that deserve attention, including the problem of the object with the clutch word, the problem of the complement and the overlapping problem of the clutch word. This paper focuses on the extended form of ionization words and the related problems in teaching, hoping to be helpful to the teaching in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H195
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 李麗麗;陳碧銀;;留學(xué)生漢語(yǔ)離合詞習(xí)得偏誤調(diào)查研究——越南留學(xué)生的視角[J];重慶工商大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2012年05期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 蘭海洋;中高級(jí)階段泰國(guó)學(xué)生漢語(yǔ)離合詞習(xí)得研究[D];廣西民族大學(xué);2011年
2 王小寧;對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)離合詞教學(xué)研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2011年
，本文編號(hào)：2369852
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