發(fā)布時間：2018-04-28 22:14

  本文選題：“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞 + 時點和時段��； 參考：《北京語言大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 時間詞研究一直是語言學(xué)研究中的基本課題之一。關(guān)于漢語時間詞,前人時賢已從范圍、歸類、句法功能、語義等角度做過不少研究,但是針對某個義類范疇的具體的研究并不多。本文從“現(xiàn)在”義范疇出發(fā),對現(xiàn)代漢語“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞進行專門的研究�，F(xiàn)代漢語“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞成員眾多,本文以《中國漢語水平考試大綱(高等)》為依據(jù),集中考察《大綱》中收的“現(xiàn)在、如今、眼前、眼下、目前、當(dāng)前”6個“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞�！艾F(xiàn)在”類時間詞成員之間的意義和用法比較相似,工具書對它們的解釋也大同小異,因此第二語言學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)和使用這些詞語時容易混淆。本文旨在理清“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞之間的異同,為對外漢語教學(xué)和漢語本體研究提供參考。 本文分為四個部分。第一部分,緒論,主要介紹選題意義、研究對象、相關(guān)研究現(xiàn)狀、研究方法和語料來源等。第二部分為“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞的語義特征。我們從時點和時段、語義所指的相對性、構(gòu)詞方式、內(nèi)部成員之間的語義差異四個角度考察了“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞的語義特征。第三部分是“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞的句法功能考察。傳統(tǒng)語法對時間詞句法功能的研究僅限于宏觀方面,本文對“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞充當(dāng)?shù)木浞üδ芩哂械奶攸c做了詳細(xì)的考察。第四部分考察了“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞對共現(xiàn)成分的選擇,詳細(xì)描寫和分析了“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞對與其共現(xiàn)的時間詞語、時間副詞、介詞的選擇。本文以描寫為主,從語義、句法分布、共現(xiàn)成分等方面考察“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞成員間的共性和個性,其中貫穿了比較、定量分析等研究方法。 “現(xiàn)在”類時間詞表示動作或狀態(tài)與說話或?qū)懽鲿r間共時,“現(xiàn)在”意義的特殊性使得“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞分布上具有自己的特點�！艾F(xiàn)在”類時間詞雖然都表示動作或狀態(tài)與說話或?qū)懽鲿r間共時,但是其內(nèi)部成員之間也具有差異性�！艾F(xiàn)在”類時間詞成員之間的共性和個性主要表現(xiàn)在:意義方面,“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞屬于時點時間詞,它們都表示以說話或?qū)懽鲿r間為基點或長或短的一段時間,其內(nèi)部成員之間在意義、語體特征、使用環(huán)境上都有差異;句法功能方面,“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞的句法功能與一般時間名詞基本一致,但也表現(xiàn)出許多特點;對共現(xiàn)成分的選擇方面,“現(xiàn)在”類時間詞對時間詞語、時間副詞、介詞有一定的選擇性。
[Abstract]:The study of temporal words has always been one of the basic topics in linguistic research. About Chinese time words, former scholars Shi Xian have done a lot of research from the angles of scope, classification, syntactic function and semantics, but there are not many specific studies on a certain category. Starting from the category of "present", this paper makes a special study on the "present" type of time words in modern Chinese. There are many members of the "present" category of time words in modern Chinese. This paper, based on the outline of the Chinese proficiency Test (Senior), focuses on the "present, present, present, present, present, present," Current "6" present class time words. The meaning and usage of "present" time words are similar, and their interpretations are similar in reference books, so it is easy to confuse the second language learners in learning and using these words. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the similarities and differences between "present" time words, and to provide reference for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language and the study of Chinese ontology. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part, introduction, mainly introduces the significance of the topic, the research object, the related research status, the research methods and the source of the corpus. The second part is the semantic features of "present" time words. We examine the semantic characteristics of "present" time words from four angles: the time point and time period, the relativity of semantic meaning, the way of word formation, and the semantic difference among the members. The third part is the syntactic function of "present" time words. The study of temporal lexical functions in traditional grammar is limited to macroscopic aspects. This paper makes a detailed study on the features of the syntactic functions of "present" temporal words. In the fourth part, the author studies the choice of co-occurrence components of "present" type time words, and describes and analyzes in detail the time words, time adverbs and prepositions of "present" type time words. This paper mainly focuses on description and studies the commonness and individuality of the members of "present" time words from the aspects of semantics, syntactic distribution, co-occurrence and so on, which run through the research methods of comparison and quantitative analysis. The "present" temporal words indicate that the action or state is synchronic with the speaking or writing time. The particularity of the "present" meaning makes the "present" temporal words have their own characteristics in the distribution. Although the "present" time words indicate that the action or state is synchronic with the speaking or writing time, there are also differences among its members. The commonness and individuality among the members of "present" time words are mainly manifested in the following aspects: meaning, "present" time words belong to time-point words, they all mean a period of time based on speaking or writing time or long or short time. In terms of syntactic function, the syntactic function of "present" temporal words is basically consistent with that of general temporal nouns, but it also shows many characteristics. In the selection of co-occurrence components, "present" time words have certain selectivity to time words, time adverbs and prepositions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京語言大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：H146

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