【摘要】：早在我國(guó)古代早期教育就已經(jīng)被思想家和教育家們所發(fā)現(xiàn),并肯定了它的重要性。同時(shí)家庭,又是嬰幼兒最先接觸的環(huán)境,那么“家庭成員”自然也就與嬰幼兒的早期教養(yǎng)之間有著密不可分的關(guān)系。然而2016年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示大部分人認(rèn)為年輕父母“只生不養(yǎng)”的現(xiàn)象普遍存在,那么在沈陽(yáng)市城區(qū)“家庭成員”參與嬰幼兒早期教養(yǎng)究竟是怎樣的一個(gè)現(xiàn)狀?筆者認(rèn)為是值得探究的。并且,以往的相關(guān)研究中對(duì)0-3歲階段的早期教養(yǎng)關(guān)注較多,而對(duì)3-6歲階段的關(guān)注較少;研究的內(nèi)容主要集中在父親參與教養(yǎng),而對(duì)家庭中其他成員參與早期教養(yǎng)的研究相對(duì)較少。因此本研究以0-6歲嬰幼兒“家庭成員”為研究對(duì)象,從沈陽(yáng)市城區(qū)的幼兒園、早教機(jī)構(gòu)以及社區(qū)中,隨機(jī)選取0-3歲和3-6歲嬰幼兒的“家庭成員”,共計(jì)600名作為被試,以自編《“家庭成員”參與嬰幼兒早期教養(yǎng)現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查問(wèn)卷》為研究工具,同時(shí)結(jié)合訪談法,對(duì)“家庭成員”參與嬰幼兒早期教養(yǎng)的內(nèi)容、特征及影響因素進(jìn)行分析與探討,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):1.沈陽(yáng)城區(qū)“家庭成員”總體的參與程度良好,但側(cè)重于教育指導(dǎo)方面,而在成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃和自我提升上參與度相對(duì)較低;父親參與生活照看程度相對(duì)低于其他成員;母親在整個(gè)教養(yǎng)過(guò)程中的參與程度始終為最高,祖輩基本緊隨其后;育兒嫂或保姆已經(jīng)開(kāi)始參與早期教養(yǎng),但以生活照看為主。2.“家庭成員”參與在嬰兒與幼兒階段具有區(qū)別,即嬰兒階段各成員參與交流互動(dòng)的程度高于幼兒階段,育兒嫂或保姆參與教養(yǎng)的程度在幼兒階段有所淡化;另外,父母及祖輩參與在幼兒階段出現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),即父親和母親的情感表達(dá)隨兒童年齡的增長(zhǎng)而更為明顯,祖輩參與成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃在幼兒階段明顯增強(qiáng)。3.“家庭成員”的學(xué)歷、職業(yè)、年齡、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)、家庭收入、嬰幼兒年齡及性別因素分別影響著其參與早期教養(yǎng)的不同方面。另外,研究過(guò)程中還發(fā)現(xiàn)“家庭成員”參與早期教養(yǎng)中存在著陪伴時(shí)間有限、教育觀念不一致、“教”“養(yǎng)”分離的問(wèn)題。因此鑒于上述結(jié)論與問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究提出相應(yīng)的建議,以期為“家庭成員”參與早期教養(yǎng)提供一定的實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Early education in ancient China has been discovered by thinkers and educators and affirmed its importance. At the same time, the family is the first contact environment for infants and young children, so family members naturally have an inseparable relationship with the early upbringing of infants. However, a 2016 survey showed that most people think that young parents "only have no care" phenomenon is widespread, so in Shenyang urban "family members" to participate in early infant rearing is exactly what is a status quo? I think it is worth exploring. Moreover, in previous related studies, more attention was paid to the early upbringing of the 3-year-old stage, but less attention was paid to the 3-year-old 6-year-old stage. The study mainly focused on father participation in parenting, but less on the involvement of other members of the family in early upbringing. Therefore, in this study, "family members" of 0-6-year-old infants and young children were selected randomly from kindergartens, early education institutions and communities of Shenyang City, who were 3-year-old and 3-6-year-old infants. A total of 600 subjects were selected as subjects, using the questionnaire "Family members" to participate in early childhood upbringing as a research tool, and at the same time, combining with interviews, the contents of "family members" participating in early infant upbringing were studied. The characteristics and influencing factors are analyzed and discussed, and the results are as follows: 1. The overall participation of "family members" in Shenyang City is good, but it focuses on educational guidance, while the participation in growth planning and self-improvement is relatively low, and the degree of father's participation in life care is lower than that of other members. Mother's participation in the whole process of upbringing was always the highest, followed by her grandparents, and parenting wives or babysitters had begun to take part in early upbringing, but mainly in the care of their lives. 2. The participation of "family members" is different between infant stage and infant stage, that is, the degree of communication and interaction of each member of infant stage is higher than that of infant stage, and the degree of participation of nursemaid or babysitter in upbringing is weakened in the early childhood stage; In addition, there is an increasing trend of parental and ancestral involvement in the early childhood stage, that is, the emotional expression of parents and mothers is more evident with the increase of the child's age, and the grandparent participation development plan is significantly enhanced in the early childhood stage. 3. Family members' education, occupation, age, family structure, family income, age and sex of infants and young children affect the different aspects of their participation in early upbringing. In addition, the study also found that "family members" in the early stage of education has limited time to accompany, educational ideas are inconsistent, "teaching" raise "the separation of problems. Therefore, on the basis of the above conclusions and problems, the present study puts forward some suggestions in order to provide some practical guidance for "family members" to participate in early upbringing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G78

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