本文關鍵詞： 孔子 行 學文 教化　出處：《山東師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：儒家的哲學,即教化的哲學,教人在現(xiàn)實的生命歷程中實現(xiàn)人生的意義,實現(xiàn)人的價值,成為一個真正意義上的人。教化的根本在于教人為仁、體仁,即做人�！靶杏杏嗔�,則以學文”蘊含著孔子的教化哲學思想,體現(xiàn)著儒家的本末思想,即“行有余力”與“學文”是本末關系。儒家重“行”、重體驗,因為生命的意義必須在“行”中實現(xiàn),“仁”理想的完成也必須付諸于實踐。儒家認為人身邊最切近、最真切的體驗就是“孝”,所以儒家強調(diào)“孝悌為為仁之本”。但同時儒家也重視知識的學習,知識的學習統(tǒng)一于做人當中,學知識也是為了做人,如此,“行”與“學文”實是一體兩面的關系�！墩撜Z·學而》第六章子曰:“弟子入則孝,出則弟,謹而信,泛愛眾,而親仁。行有余力,則以學文。”其意是教兒童先行人倫之事,再學書本知識。可孔子之意是要每個人每天都要先做好該做的事,再“學文”。行有余則學文,學有余則行。此章不僅蘊含著孔子對“行有余力”與“學文”關系的理解,而且富含孔子的教化哲學思想,即教育的根本在于使一個人成為人,成為一個真正意義上的人,實現(xiàn)生命的意義與價值。本文從解讀“行有余力,則以學文”出發(fā)而剝離出“行”與“學文”的關系及其所蘊涵的孔子的教化哲學思想,主要寫作思路有五點:第一部分從學術史的角度梳理“行有余力,則以學文”的歷代經(jīng)典釋義,從而探尋其中的哲理內(nèi)涵�！靶杏杏嗔Α迸c“學文”是本末關系,以“行”為本,“學文”為末,但本末還是一體、統(tǒng)一的關系。所以,知識之學也很重要,日常生活中,教育學生要言行合一、知行一致,行中學、做中學。第二部分主要論及“行有余力”的學理依據(jù),即孔子“仁”的思想。“仁”是孔子思想的核心,孔子的學說可以稱為“仁說”�？鬃印叭省钡奶岢鍪怯蓪Α岸Y”的闡釋而得出來的,“禮”內(nèi)向化發(fā)展,把“禮”的根本內(nèi)化為“仁”�！叭省笔侨酥疄槿说母�,也是教化的根據(jù)所在,要在“禮”的踐履中體驗“仁”的意義,即在生命實踐中、在日常生活中體驗生命、人之為人的根本的意義,即“仁”是一種道德化的情感體認,必須通過實踐來實現(xiàn)。第三部分重在闡明“仁”的實踐。“仁”是一種道德化的情感體認,因而“仁”具有實踐意義。子曰:“仁者愛人�！�(《論語·顏淵》)“愛人”是一種情,而人身邊最真切的情是親情,所以“愛人”應從親人出發(fā)。儒家講求的愛是有差等的愛,是泛愛,從中心出發(fā)而愛眾,即從親人出發(fā)而愛他人。所以,為仁、體仁要從親親出發(fā),從孝悌做起,孝悌乃為仁之本。第四部分對“行有余力”與“學文”的關系進行分析,著重強調(diào)“學文”的深層意義——即“學文”同樣蘊含在“行”當中,與“行有余力”是本末一體的關系。第五部分將“行有余力,則以學文”中蘊涵的孔子的教化哲學思想與當下的教育問題聯(lián)系起來。儒家的學問是關于意義的學問,教人意義感,彌補當今人空虛的心靈與生活,使人重視自己及他人生命、尊重生命,從而在人生當中充分彰顯其生命、生活的意義,成為一個人。
[Abstract]:The Confucian philosophy, namely education philosophy, teaching people to realize their life in life in the reality of the significance of realizing the value of man, to become a real person. Education lies in teaching human benevolence, benevolence, namely the person. "With spare effort to learn," contains the enlightenment philosophy of Confucius that embodies the Confucian thought of "ins and outs, with spare effort" and "study" is the relationship of Confucian "line", because the meaning of life experience, must be implemented in the "line", "benevolence" ideal finish must be put into practice. The Confucian view that people around the closest and most sincere the experience is "filial piety", so the Confucian emphasis on filial piety for the benevolence ". But at the same time, Confucianism also attaches great importance to knowledge learning, knowledge and learning are unified in the life, but also to learn knowledge in life, so," something relationship "and" study "is one of the two sides. Confucian Analects > sixth chapter of Confucius: "disciples into the filial piety, is a brother, I believe, love, and benevolence. With spare effort to learn,". Its meaning is to teach children to human things, to learn knowledge from books. But Confucius is intended to everyone every day to do this, then the "study". The line is more, with more than Zehang. This chapter not only contains Confucius's understanding of the relationship between "with spare effort" and "learning", and the enlightenment philosophy is rich in the thought of Confucius, that is the root of education is to make a person become a man, a a real person, realize the meaning and value of life. This article from the interpretation of "with spare effort to learn," and starting to peel off "educational philosophy relations" and "Literature" and its implication for Confucius, the main idea of writing has five points: the first part from the perspective of academic history "it is with spare effort. 浠ュ鏂団，

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