【摘要】：在城鄉(xiāng)一體化的快速推進(jìn)下,我國(guó)著力建設(shè)鄉(xiāng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,并推行美麗新農(nóng)村的建設(shè)。農(nóng)田水利工程作為鄉(xiāng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的重要組成部分,在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)建設(shè)量大、涉及面廣、影響深厚等特點(diǎn)�，F(xiàn)有工程建設(shè)不僅是對(duì)鄉(xiāng)土風(fēng)貌的改變,也對(duì)生態(tài)、自然景觀等造成較大影響。農(nóng)田水利工程的鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營(yíng)造是改變這一現(xiàn)狀的良好手段,打造生態(tài)健康、景觀豐富、特色突出的農(nóng)田水利工程景觀的研究迫在眉睫。農(nóng)田水利工程的鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營(yíng)造是多學(xué)科交叉的、綜合性的研究?jī)?nèi)容。通過國(guó)內(nèi)外大量文獻(xiàn)研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)外在對(duì)河流自然化、河流生態(tài)化、鄉(xiāng)村水系景觀、水利工程等方面研究較多,但對(duì)農(nóng)田水利工程鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營(yíng)造的關(guān)注極少,該現(xiàn)狀引起了筆者的重視。通過文獻(xiàn)查閱法,多學(xué)科交叉法,研究農(nóng)田水利工程構(gòu)成要素單體的景觀設(shè)計(jì)、農(nóng)田水利工程景觀空間營(yíng)造及農(nóng)田水利工程景觀營(yíng)造模式,并以具體案例對(duì)理論進(jìn)行印證。(1)介紹了農(nóng)田水利工程的概念,并提出農(nóng)田水利工程“功能——生態(tài)——景觀”的發(fā)展線索,將鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營(yíng)造作為發(fā)展目標(biāo)。通過相關(guān)學(xué)科理論研究,概述生態(tài)水利工程學(xué)、水工美學(xué)等理論在對(duì)農(nóng)田水利工程鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營(yíng)造研究中的應(yīng)用。(2)農(nóng)田水利工程是系統(tǒng)化的工程,從水源到田間工程經(jīng)歷了一系列的人工設(shè)施,這些工程設(shè)施不僅自身具有景觀可塑性,對(duì)周圍景觀空間也具有較大影響。通過對(duì)農(nóng)田水利工程設(shè)施的組成研究,進(jìn)行水工建筑物內(nèi)在關(guān)系銜接的闡述。從單體功能角度,將農(nóng)田水利工程劃分為壩、閘、渠道以及其他水工建筑物。分別對(duì)四大類水工建筑從形態(tài)、色彩、交互使用三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行景觀營(yíng)造研究并舉例。(3)在空間上,通過區(qū)分農(nóng)田水利工程與其他水利工程的主要異同點(diǎn),及分析農(nóng)田水利工程景觀空間功能,主要提出鄉(xiāng)村的“藍(lán)”、“綠”、“灰”、“紫”空間營(yíng)造。通過四色釋義農(nóng)田水利工程中的水、建(構(gòu))筑物、植物、人文景觀等形成的空間。應(yīng)用多樣與統(tǒng)一、主從與重點(diǎn)、對(duì)比與協(xié)調(diào)等方式將農(nóng)田水利工程空間有機(jī)的聯(lián)系,使空間具備整體性。農(nóng)田水利工程是環(huán)環(huán)相扣的連續(xù)性工程,有利于景觀序列的形成。景觀序列結(jié)合各地特色地形地貌、建筑風(fēng)格、植被種類、地域文化等不同因素,將營(yíng)造出變化萬千的景觀空間。(4)農(nóng)田水利工程景觀是人工干擾較大的景觀,人工與自然的結(jié)合,其最終目的是更好的服務(wù)于人。根據(jù)空間的主要適用人群,將空間屬性定義為“內(nèi)向式”空間與“外向式”空間兩種形式,內(nèi)向式空間是具有向心力的農(nóng)村聚合式空間,景觀側(cè)重為居民服務(wù),注重鄉(xiāng)土記憶,打造農(nóng)村居民生活的棲息地景觀;外向式空間是具有張力的開放式空間,景觀側(cè)重為外界認(rèn)知鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境提供條件,主要針對(duì)旅游等來訪人群,打造展示鄉(xiāng)村特色風(fēng)貌、文化等的獨(dú)特舞臺(tái)。通過慶安縣水稻種植示范區(qū)農(nóng)田水利工程景觀設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目及山口湖生態(tài)旅游區(qū)農(nóng)田水利景觀規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目,對(duì)“內(nèi)向式”農(nóng)田水利工程景觀營(yíng)造模式與“外向式”景觀農(nóng)田水利工程景觀營(yíng)造模式理論進(jìn)行印證,將理論與項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行結(jié)合,以項(xiàng)目作為對(duì)理論的提升。本文對(duì)農(nóng)田水利工程鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營(yíng)造的研究,是從單體設(shè)計(jì)到空間營(yíng)造的推進(jìn),單體景觀注重個(gè)性特色,空間景觀講求融合,景觀整體具有服務(wù)的方向性。理論的提出適用于大部分農(nóng)田水利工程鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營(yíng)造建設(shè),使農(nóng)田水利工程鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營(yíng)造既有章可循,又不失特色。
[Abstract]:With the rapid advancement of urban-rural integration, China has made great efforts to build rural infrastructure and promote the construction of a beautiful new countryside. As an important part of rural infrastructure, farmland water conservancy projects are characterized by large amount of construction, wide coverage and profound influence all over the country. The construction of rural landscape space of farmland water conservancy project is a good means to change the present situation. It is urgent to study the farmland water conservancy project landscape with healthy ecology, rich landscape and outstanding characteristics. Through a large number of literature studies at home and abroad, it is found that there are many researches on river naturalization, River ecology, rural water system landscape, water conservancy projects at home and abroad, but little attention has been paid to the rural landscape space construction of farmland water conservancy projects, which has aroused the author's attention. Landscape design of the elements of farmland water conservancy project, landscape space construction of farmland water conservancy project and landscape construction model of farmland water conservancy project are verified by concrete cases. (1) The concept of farmland water conservancy project is introduced, and the development clue of "function-ecology-landscape" of farmland water conservancy project is put forward. View space construction is the development goal. Through the theoretical research of related disciplines, this paper summarizes the application of ecological water conservancy engineering and hydraulic aesthetics in the study of rural landscape space construction of farmland water conservancy project. (2) Farmland water conservancy project is a systematic project, which has undergone a series of artificial facilities from water source to field project. Shi not only has landscape plasticity, but also has a great impact on the surrounding landscape space. Through the study of the composition of farmland water conservancy facilities, this paper expounds the internal connection of hydraulic structures. Architecture from the shape, color, interactive use of three aspects of landscape construction research and examples. (3) In space, by distinguishing the main similarities and differences between farmland water conservancy projects and other water conservancy projects, and analysis of farmland water conservancy project landscape space function, mainly proposed the village "blue", "green", "grey", "purple" space construction. The space formed by water, buildings, plants and human landscape in Yichang irrigation works is a kind of continuity engineering, which is beneficial to the formation of landscape sequence. Landscape sequence combines different factors such as landform, architectural style, vegetation types, regional culture and so on, and will create a vast variety of landscape space. The spatial attributes are defined as "introverted" space and "extroverted" space. Introverted space is centripetal rural aggregation space. Landscape focuses on serving the residents, attaching importance to local memory, and creating the habitat landscape of rural residents. Extroverted space is tensive open space, and landscape focuses on the outside world. Cognition of the rural environment to provide conditions, mainly for tourists and other visitors, to create a unique stage to show the characteristics of rural style, culture, etc. The model is verified with the theory of "outward-looking" landscape farmland water conservancy project landscape construction model, combining theory with project, taking project as the promotion of theory. The theory can be applied to the construction of rural landscape space in most farmland water conservancy projects, so that the construction of rural landscape space in farmland water conservancy projects has both rules and characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU982.29

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