【摘要】：在城鄉(xiāng)一體化的快速推進下,我國著力建設鄉(xiāng)村基礎設施,并推行美麗新農村的建設。農田水利工程作為鄉(xiāng)村基礎設施的重要組成部分,在全國范圍內呈現(xiàn)建設量大、涉及面廣、影響深厚等特點�，F(xiàn)有工程建設不僅是對鄉(xiāng)土風貌的改變,也對生態(tài)、自然景觀等造成較大影響。農田水利工程的鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營造是改變這一現(xiàn)狀的良好手段,打造生態(tài)健康、景觀豐富、特色突出的農田水利工程景觀的研究迫在眉睫。農田水利工程的鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營造是多學科交叉的、綜合性的研究內容。通過國內外大量文獻研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)國內外在對河流自然化、河流生態(tài)化、鄉(xiāng)村水系景觀、水利工程等方面研究較多,但對農田水利工程鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營造的關注極少,該現(xiàn)狀引起了筆者的重視。通過文獻查閱法,多學科交叉法,研究農田水利工程構成要素單體的景觀設計、農田水利工程景觀空間營造及農田水利工程景觀營造模式,并以具體案例對理論進行印證。(1)介紹了農田水利工程的概念,并提出農田水利工程“功能——生態(tài)——景觀”的發(fā)展線索,將鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營造作為發(fā)展目標。通過相關學科理論研究,概述生態(tài)水利工程學、水工美學等理論在對農田水利工程鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營造研究中的應用。(2)農田水利工程是系統(tǒng)化的工程,從水源到田間工程經歷了一系列的人工設施,這些工程設施不僅自身具有景觀可塑性,對周圍景觀空間也具有較大影響。通過對農田水利工程設施的組成研究,進行水工建筑物內在關系銜接的闡述。從單體功能角度,將農田水利工程劃分為壩、閘、渠道以及其他水工建筑物。分別對四大類水工建筑從形態(tài)、色彩、交互使用三個方面進行景觀營造研究并舉例。(3)在空間上,通過區(qū)分農田水利工程與其他水利工程的主要異同點,及分析農田水利工程景觀空間功能,主要提出鄉(xiāng)村的“藍”、“綠”、“灰”、“紫”空間營造。通過四色釋義農田水利工程中的水、建(構)筑物、植物、人文景觀等形成的空間。應用多樣與統(tǒng)一、主從與重點、對比與協(xié)調等方式將農田水利工程空間有機的聯(lián)系,使空間具備整體性。農田水利工程是環(huán)環(huán)相扣的連續(xù)性工程,有利于景觀序列的形成。景觀序列結合各地特色地形地貌、建筑風格、植被種類、地域文化等不同因素,將營造出變化萬千的景觀空間。(4)農田水利工程景觀是人工干擾較大的景觀,人工與自然的結合,其最終目的是更好的服務于人。根據(jù)空間的主要適用人群,將空間屬性定義為“內向式”空間與“外向式”空間兩種形式,內向式空間是具有向心力的農村聚合式空間,景觀側重為居民服務,注重鄉(xiāng)土記憶,打造農村居民生活的棲息地景觀;外向式空間是具有張力的開放式空間,景觀側重為外界認知鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境提供條件,主要針對旅游等來訪人群,打造展示鄉(xiāng)村特色風貌、文化等的獨特舞臺。通過慶安縣水稻種植示范區(qū)農田水利工程景觀設計項目及山口湖生態(tài)旅游區(qū)農田水利景觀規(guī)劃項目,對“內向式”農田水利工程景觀營造模式與“外向式”景觀農田水利工程景觀營造模式理論進行印證,將理論與項目進行結合,以項目作為對理論的提升。本文對農田水利工程鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營造的研究,是從單體設計到空間營造的推進,單體景觀注重個性特色,空間景觀講求融合,景觀整體具有服務的方向性。理論的提出適用于大部分農田水利工程鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營造建設,使農田水利工程鄉(xiāng)村景觀空間營造既有章可循,又不失特色。
[Abstract]:With the rapid advancement of urban-rural integration, China has made great efforts to build rural infrastructure and promote the construction of a beautiful new countryside. As an important part of rural infrastructure, farmland water conservancy projects are characterized by large amount of construction, wide coverage and profound influence all over the country. The construction of rural landscape space of farmland water conservancy project is a good means to change the present situation. It is urgent to study the farmland water conservancy project landscape with healthy ecology, rich landscape and outstanding characteristics. Through a large number of literature studies at home and abroad, it is found that there are many researches on river naturalization, River ecology, rural water system landscape, water conservancy projects at home and abroad, but little attention has been paid to the rural landscape space construction of farmland water conservancy projects, which has aroused the author's attention. Landscape design of the elements of farmland water conservancy project, landscape space construction of farmland water conservancy project and landscape construction model of farmland water conservancy project are verified by concrete cases. (1) The concept of farmland water conservancy project is introduced, and the development clue of "function-ecology-landscape" of farmland water conservancy project is put forward. View space construction is the development goal. Through the theoretical research of related disciplines, this paper summarizes the application of ecological water conservancy engineering and hydraulic aesthetics in the study of rural landscape space construction of farmland water conservancy project. (2) Farmland water conservancy project is a systematic project, which has undergone a series of artificial facilities from water source to field project. Shi not only has landscape plasticity, but also has a great impact on the surrounding landscape space. Through the study of the composition of farmland water conservancy facilities, this paper expounds the internal connection of hydraulic structures. Architecture from the shape, color, interactive use of three aspects of landscape construction research and examples. (3) In space, by distinguishing the main similarities and differences between farmland water conservancy projects and other water conservancy projects, and analysis of farmland water conservancy project landscape space function, mainly proposed the village "blue", "green", "grey", "purple" space construction. The space formed by water, buildings, plants and human landscape in Yichang irrigation works is a kind of continuity engineering, which is beneficial to the formation of landscape sequence. Landscape sequence combines different factors such as landform, architectural style, vegetation types, regional culture and so on, and will create a vast variety of landscape space. The spatial attributes are defined as "introverted" space and "extroverted" space. Introverted space is centripetal rural aggregation space. Landscape focuses on serving the residents, attaching importance to local memory, and creating the habitat landscape of rural residents. Extroverted space is tensive open space, and landscape focuses on the outside world. Cognition of the rural environment to provide conditions, mainly for tourists and other visitors, to create a unique stage to show the characteristics of rural style, culture, etc. The model is verified with the theory of "outward-looking" landscape farmland water conservancy project landscape construction model, combining theory with project, taking project as the promotion of theory. The theory can be applied to the construction of rural landscape space in most farmland water conservancy projects, so that the construction of rural landscape space in farmland water conservancy projects has both rules and characteristics.
【學位授予單位】：東北農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU982.29

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