本文選題：挖掘機(jī) + 動(dòng)臂��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：挖掘機(jī)作為目前世界上使用最廣泛的工程類機(jī)械之一,面對(duì)的市場(chǎng)十分巨大。由于挖掘機(jī)工作環(huán)境惡劣,工作裝置承受的載荷復(fù)雜多變,導(dǎo)致其結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生失效的主要原因是疲勞損傷累積引起的疲勞裂紋及疲勞斷裂。動(dòng)臂在挖掘機(jī)工作時(shí)承受的載荷情況通常是最為惡劣的,所以對(duì)挖掘機(jī)動(dòng)臂進(jìn)行疲勞可靠性研究,對(duì)于改善動(dòng)臂結(jié)構(gòu),提升挖掘機(jī)的工作性能、工作效率和可靠性具有重要的意義。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種應(yīng)用于挖掘機(jī)動(dòng)臂的疲勞可靠性臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)方案。本文以山河智能SWE350型挖掘機(jī)作為研究對(duì)象,針對(duì)挖掘機(jī)動(dòng)臂最大負(fù)載的典型工況進(jìn)行受力分析,計(jì)算得出挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的受力情況。通過(guò)對(duì)鏟斗與斗桿鉸接處銷軸、斗桿與動(dòng)臂鉸接處銷軸、連桿的載荷計(jì)算,為銷軸傳感器的設(shè)計(jì)、試驗(yàn)裝置和方法制定提供了初始數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)受力分析結(jié)果,提出了兩種挖掘機(jī)動(dòng)臂疲勞試驗(yàn)載荷譜測(cè)試方案。該測(cè)試方法通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)專門(mén)的銷軸傳感器和連桿傳感器,對(duì)工作裝置載荷進(jìn)行測(cè)試,最終得出動(dòng)臂鉸點(diǎn)的實(shí)際受力情況,為后期對(duì)動(dòng)臂進(jìn)行疲勞試驗(yàn)提供了實(shí)際加載數(shù)據(jù)。在現(xiàn)有設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)上,提出了動(dòng)臂疲勞臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)的加載方案,并完成試驗(yàn)工裝的設(shè)計(jì)和強(qiáng)度計(jì)算。該試驗(yàn)方案具有試驗(yàn)載荷自平衡的特點(diǎn),可以將試驗(yàn)載荷由試驗(yàn)裝置內(nèi)部承受,極大地減弱了試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行時(shí)設(shè)備振動(dòng)對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的影響。最后,建立動(dòng)臂疲勞試驗(yàn)加載方案的三維模型,并對(duì)該模型進(jìn)行有限元靜力學(xué)分析和模態(tài)分析。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果,對(duì)各部件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,保證所設(shè)計(jì)的試驗(yàn)裝置靜力學(xué)、動(dòng)力學(xué)性能均能滿足試驗(yàn)要求。
[Abstract]:As one of the most widely used engineering machines in the world, excavators face a huge market. Because the working environment of excavator is bad and the load on the working device is complex and changeable, the main cause of structural failure is fatigue crack and fatigue fracture caused by fatigue damage accumulation. The working load of the arm is usually the worst, so the fatigue reliability of the arm of the excavator is studied to improve the structure of the arm and improve the working performance of the excavator. Efficiency and reliability are of great significance. In view of the above problems, a fatigue reliability test scheme for excavator arm is designed in this paper. This paper takes Shanhe Intelligent SWE350 excavator as the research object, analyzes the typical working condition of the maximum load of the excavator arm, and calculates the force situation of the excavator's working device. The initial data are provided for the design, test device and method of pin sensor through the calculation of the pin shaft at the hinge joint of bucket and bucket rod, the pin shaft at the hinge of bucket rod and moving arm, and the connecting rod. According to the results of stress analysis, two kinds of load spectrum test schemes of excavator arm fatigue test are put forward. By designing a special pin shaft sensor and a connecting rod sensor, the load of the working device is tested, and the actual force of the arm hinge point is finally obtained, which provides the actual loading data for the fatigue test of the arm in the later stage. On the basis of the existing equipment, the loading scheme of the movable arm fatigue bench test is put forward, and the design and strength calculation of the test equipment are completed. The test scheme has the characteristic of self-balancing of the test load, which can bear the test load from the inside of the test device, which greatly reduces the influence of the vibration of the equipment on the surrounding environment when the test is going on. Finally, the three-dimensional model of the loading scheme of the moving arm fatigue test is established, and the finite element statics analysis and modal analysis of the model are carried out. According to the analysis results, the structural design of each component is optimized to ensure that the static and dynamic properties of the designed test device can meet the test requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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