本文選題：工程車輛 + 載荷譜��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：工程機(jī)械作為裝備制造業(yè)的重要組成部分,所處的作業(yè)環(huán)境復(fù)雜多變,其關(guān)鍵零部件的可靠性和耐久性受多方面因素的影響,而這也一直是制約其質(zhì)量提升及品質(zhì)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。載荷譜是實(shí)現(xiàn)工程車輛服役性能測(cè)試、合理正向設(shè)計(jì)、室內(nèi)模擬加載試驗(yàn)、壽命預(yù)測(cè)和疲勞分析等的重要參考。實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)測(cè)載荷的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,外推方法的合理選擇以及外推方法的優(yōu)化,使得外推得到的長(zhǎng)期載荷譜的準(zhǔn)確性和真實(shí)性得到保障是載荷譜研究領(lǐng)域的重點(diǎn)同時(shí)也是難點(diǎn)。為提升國(guó)產(chǎn)裝載機(jī)的自主研發(fā)水平,本文依托項(xiàng)目“工程機(jī)械節(jié)能減排共性技術(shù)研究”(項(xiàng)目號(hào):SQ2015BA0400198),結(jié)合隱馬爾科夫模型理論,以某型裝載機(jī)為例,對(duì)在載荷譜編制中具有不可忽略影響的人為因素進(jìn)行了研究。同時(shí),對(duì)由于分段作業(yè)產(chǎn)生的非平穩(wěn)載荷提出了處理方法。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.本文以裝載機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)裝載機(jī)載荷譜的測(cè)試方案進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述。包含試驗(yàn)樣機(jī)的情況、測(cè)試場(chǎng)地以及物料準(zhǔn)備、測(cè)試方案的制定、采集子樣大小的確定、采集測(cè)點(diǎn)以及傳感器的安裝等。并以實(shí)測(cè)裝載機(jī)舉升缸壓力數(shù)據(jù)為例,完成了趨勢(shì)項(xiàng)消除、數(shù)字化濾波、奇異點(diǎn)檢測(cè)等數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理。2.針對(duì)工程車輛操作時(shí)人為操作頻繁,載荷特性受操作方式影響大的問題,本文綜合多方面影響因素,將駕駛員的操作類型分為普通型、粗暴型、溫和型三類。由于隱馬爾科夫模型在模式識(shí)別及故障診斷領(lǐng)域良好的表現(xiàn)將其應(yīng)用于駕駛員操作類型的識(shí)別上,首先采用Baum-Welch算法對(duì)載荷數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,然后進(jìn)行對(duì)數(shù)似然率的匹配,識(shí)別駕駛員操作類型。針對(duì)三種不同類型的操作方式及載荷特點(diǎn),分別選擇雨流矩陣外推、POT外推、參數(shù)估計(jì)外推。使駕駛員操作的人為因素在載荷譜外推方法的選擇中得到充分的考慮,實(shí)現(xiàn)外推方法的合理選擇。3.針對(duì)工程車輛由于工況復(fù)雜多變以及循環(huán)作業(yè)方式造成的載荷整體不平穩(wěn)的特點(diǎn),采用分段方法實(shí)現(xiàn)測(cè)試載荷的平穩(wěn)化處理,對(duì)各段載荷的平穩(wěn)性進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。利用隱馬爾科夫模型對(duì)裝載機(jī)工作模式切換時(shí)產(chǎn)生的過渡載荷進(jìn)行處理,將采用分段方法處理時(shí)被忽略的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)信息包含進(jìn)載荷處理的過程中,并將兩種方法處理得到的全雨流矩陣以及期望雨流矩陣進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了方法的可行性。在編譜過程中包含更多對(duì)疲勞具有貢獻(xiàn)的信息,有利于提高編譜的精度。通過MATLAB開發(fā)了一款“工程車輛非平穩(wěn)載荷處理分析軟件V1.0”。為研發(fā)工作者提出了非平穩(wěn)載荷處理的方法,完成了載荷處理的便捷化和規(guī)范化。本文針對(duì)裝載機(jī)載荷特點(diǎn),基于隱馬爾科夫模型對(duì)載荷譜的編制方法的合理選擇以及優(yōu)化進(jìn)行了研究。實(shí)現(xiàn)了駕駛員操作特性的識(shí)別并提出了非平穩(wěn)特性載荷的處理方法。實(shí)現(xiàn)提高載荷譜編制精度,為工程機(jī)械零部件的可靠性分析設(shè)計(jì)提供準(zhǔn)確依據(jù)的目的。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the equipment manufacturing industry, construction machinery is in a complex and changeable working environment. The reliability and durability of its key parts are affected by many factors, and this has been the key to its quality improvement and quality development. Load spectrum is an important reference for engineering vehicle service performance test, reasonable forward design, indoor simulated loading test, life prediction and fatigue analysis. To realize the statistical analysis of the measured load, the reasonable selection of extrapolation method and the optimization of extrapolation method, the accuracy and authenticity of the extrapolated long-term load spectrum are guaranteed, which is the emphasis and difficulty in the field of load spectrum research. In order to improve the level of independent research and development of domestic loaders, this paper relies on the project of "study on common technologies of energy saving and emission reduction of construction machinery" (project number: SQ2015BA0400198m), combining with the theory of hidden Markov model, taking a certain type of loader as an example. The human factors which can not be ignored in the compilation of load spectrum are studied. At the same time, the non-stationary load caused by subsection operation is treated. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. In this paper, the load spectrum test scheme of loader is described in detail. Including the situation of the test prototype, test site and material preparation, the formulation of the test plan, the determination of the size of the sampling sub-sample, the acquisition of measuring points and the installation of sensors, etc. Taking the measured data of lift cylinder pressure of loader as an example, the preprocessing of data, such as eliminating the trend term, digitizing filtering and detecting singularity, is completed. In view of the problem that the manual operation is frequent and the load characteristic is greatly influenced by the operation mode, the operating types of the driver are classified into three types: common type, rough type and mild type. Because of its good performance in the field of pattern recognition and fault diagnosis, Hidden Markov Model is applied to the identification of driver's operation type. First, the load data is trained by Baum-Welch algorithm, and then the logarithmic likelihood ratio is matched. Identify the driver's type of operation. According to three different operation modes and load characteristics, rain flow matrix extrapolation and parameter estimation extrapolation are selected respectively. The artificial factors of driver operation are fully considered in the selection of load spectrum extrapolation method, and the reasonable selection of extrapolation method is realized. In view of the complex and changeable working conditions of the construction vehicle and the unsteady load caused by the cyclic operation mode, a piecewise method is adopted to realize the stabilization of the test load, and the smoothness of the load in each segment is tested. Using Hidden Markov Model to deal with the transient load generated when the loader's working mode is switched, the information of the turning point which is ignored by the piecewise method is included in the process of load processing. The feasibility of the method is verified by comparing the total rain flow matrix and the expected rain flow matrix obtained by the two methods. More contributions to fatigue are included in the process of spectrum compilation, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of spectrum compilation. A non-stationary load processing software V1. 0 for engineering vehicles is developed by MATLAB. The method of nonstationary load processing is proposed for R & D workers, and the convenience and standardization of load processing are accomplished. Based on hidden Markov model, the reasonable selection and optimization of load spectrum are studied in this paper. The identification of driver's operating characteristics is realized and the method of dealing with non-stationary load is put forward. The purpose of improving the precision of load spectrum compilation and providing accurate basis for reliability analysis and design of construction machinery parts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH243

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