【摘要】：社會救助制度是以國家為救助主體,以財政供給為支撐,對貧困人員、困難群體進行幫助扶持,提供基本生活層面的保障,是實現(xiàn)社會發(fā)展成果共享、促進社會公平正義的重要保證,可將社會救助看作是最低層次的救濟。面對社會救助的無償性,就自然需要及時的救助監(jiān)管工作。社會救助對象是救助開展的出發(fā)點與落腳點,做好對救助對象的實時監(jiān)管,是保障救助制度良好運作的中心議題。伴隨社會環(huán)境的變化、市場經(jīng)濟的增長以及救助對象本身情況的變動,則需要貫徹動態(tài)化的監(jiān)管原則,以動態(tài)的監(jiān)督促進務實的管理,以務實的管理保障社會救助對象的公平受助,這樣的聯(lián)動機制才能更好地維護公平公正的社會救助,促進救助的暢然有序。社會救助對象的動態(tài)化監(jiān)管不僅具有深遠的社會意義,還有重要的法律意義。但是,在我國的社會救助實施中,依然存在著社會救助對象監(jiān)管乏力、監(jiān)管不到位的問題。在救助資金籌集方面,監(jiān)管不到位致使救助資金匱乏;在資金發(fā)放上,工作人員濫用職權謀取私利,造成資金使用不合理,并且不乏貪污、扣截、擠占及挪作他用的做法;在救助準入機制方面,存在申請條件的監(jiān)管乏力、家庭收入條件審查機制不健全等困境;在退出救助監(jiān)管上,救助對象缺乏主動退出的積極性,福利依賴比較嚴重,再加上監(jiān)管主體工作的不到位,甚至出現(xiàn)監(jiān)管真空局面,造成退出通道不暢。這些問題及困境給我國的社會救助工作帶來壓力,包括持續(xù)的財政壓力以及嚴重的社會壓力,社會救助效果不能有效發(fā)揮。面對監(jiān)管乏力的局面,政府應該充分發(fā)揮職能,積極監(jiān)督各級救助主體的工作運行。在救助資金籌措及使用方面,強化政府部門的監(jiān)管職責;在救助對象準入方面,保障動態(tài)化的監(jiān)管,做好家計定期核查,以不斷健全的審核機制提高準入對象的識別準確度;在退出監(jiān)管方面,實現(xiàn)救助信息跟蹤,以主動監(jiān)管以及各部門的聯(lián)動監(jiān)管促進退出渠道的通暢。在動態(tài)監(jiān)管工作中,加強通力協(xié)作實現(xiàn)信息共享,拓寬監(jiān)管的途徑及方式,以明確的責任追究制促進主動完善監(jiān)管進程,互相監(jiān)督共同致力于救助對象的動態(tài)監(jiān)管。
[Abstract]:The social assistance system is to take the state as the main body of assistance, with the financial supply as the support, to help and support the poor and needy groups, to provide the basic life level of security, is to achieve the sharing of social development results. The important guarantee of promoting social fairness and justice can be regarded as the lowest level of relief. In the face of the unpaid nature of social assistance, there is a natural need for timely rescue supervision. The object of social assistance is the starting point and the foothold of the relief, and it is the central issue to ensure the good operation of the relief system to supervise the object in real time. With the change of social environment, the growth of the market economy and the change of the situation of the relief object, it is necessary to carry out the principle of dynamic supervision and to promote pragmatic management with dynamic supervision. Only through pragmatic management to ensure the fair receiving of social assistance can such a linkage mechanism better maintain fair and just social assistance and promote the smooth and orderly relief. The dynamic supervision of social relief objects not only has profound social significance, but also has important legal significance. However, in the implementation of social assistance in China, there are still problems of weak supervision and inadequate supervision of social assistance objects. In the aspect of raising rescue funds, the lack of supervision leads to the lack of funds; in the distribution of funds, the staff members abuse their power to obtain personal gain, which results in unreasonable use of funds, and there are many practices of embezzlement, seizure, appropriation and diversion of funds; In the aspect of aid access mechanism, there are many difficulties, such as weak supervision of application conditions and unsound examination mechanism of family income conditions. In withdrawing from the rescue supervision, the rescue object lacks the initiative to withdraw enthusiasm, the welfare dependence is quite serious, plus the supervision main body work is not in place, even appears the supervision vacuum situation, causes the exit channel not to be free. These problems and predicaments bring pressure to our country's social relief work, including persistent financial pressure and serious social pressure, so the social assistance effect can not be brought into full play. Faced with the situation of weak supervision, the government should give full play to its functions and actively supervise the work of all levels of relief subjects. In the aspect of raising and using the rescue funds, we should strengthen the supervision responsibility of the government departments, guarantee the dynamic supervision and check the household plan regularly in order to improve the identification accuracy of the access objects through the perfect examination mechanism. In the aspect of exit supervision, the rescue information tracking is realized, and the active supervision and the linkage supervision of various departments promote the smooth exit channel. In the process of dynamic supervision, we should strengthen the cooperation to realize information sharing, widen the ways and means of supervision, promote the active improvement of the supervision process with clear accountability system, and supervise each other to work together on the dynamic supervision of the rescue object.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D632.1

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