【摘要】：隨著政府改革的日益加深,“小政府、大社會(huì)”的治理模式已經(jīng)成為社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。政府加速退出生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域,將公共服務(wù)交由更加高效和專業(yè)的社會(huì)組織提供。我國(guó)自1996年開始了政府與社會(huì)組織在提供公共服務(wù)方面的合作實(shí)踐,至今已快20年。近年來(lái)雙方的合作取得了階段性進(jìn)步,特別是十八大召開以來(lái),國(guó)家圍繞“政府購(gòu)買服務(wù)”出臺(tái)了一系列重要指導(dǎo)性文件,指明未來(lái)五年政府購(gòu)買作為創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理的重要方式將得到大力推廣。在中央政策大大力倡導(dǎo)下,我國(guó)各地政府紛紛加大了公共服務(wù)的購(gòu)買力度。通過(guò)向社會(huì)組織購(gòu)買的方式提供公共服務(wù),即將服務(wù)的“提供者”與“生產(chǎn)者”分離,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)政府職能轉(zhuǎn)型、讓社會(huì)公眾享受更優(yōu)質(zhì)的公共服務(wù),也讓普遍面臨資金困難問題的社會(huì)組織獲得了持續(xù)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。然而政府購(gòu)買并不一定是保質(zhì)保量的。我國(guó)政府購(gòu)買服務(wù)的過(guò)程中遭遇了許多困境,不僅導(dǎo)致一些公共服務(wù)的產(chǎn)出低質(zhì)低效,造成公共資源的浪費(fèi),還損害了社會(huì)大眾的利益,致使政府公信力的下降,公眾與社會(huì)組織之間隔閡加深,影響社會(huì)的和諧穩(wěn)定。這些損失之所以會(huì)出現(xiàn),其根源既包括法律制度缺失造成的監(jiān)管失效,也包括價(jià)值觀扭曲導(dǎo)致的政府尋租、合同雙方合謀利益,還包括社會(huì)組織力量薄弱導(dǎo)致的無(wú)力履行合同等。針對(duì)目前實(shí)踐中遭遇的困境,本論文嘗試將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理理論引入政府購(gòu)買社會(huì)組織公共服務(wù)的過(guò)程之中,系統(tǒng)化的分析政府購(gòu)買的計(jì)劃、甄選、實(shí)施、評(píng)估四大環(huán)節(jié)中的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,找出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的形成原因。本文借鑒英、美、日及香港地區(qū)的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),從提高意識(shí)、完善制度法律和加強(qiáng)主體能力建設(shè)等角度提出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范、控制、轉(zhuǎn)移的方法,力求盡量減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素對(duì)公共服務(wù)質(zhì)量的影響。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of government reform, the governance model of "small government, big society" has become an inevitable trend of social development. The government quickens its withdrawal from production and transfers public services to more efficient and professional social organizations. It has been nearly 20 years since the 18th National Congress of the CPC. In particular, since the 18th National Congress, the state has issued a series of important guiding documents on "government purchase of services", indicating that government purchase as an important way to innovate social management in the next five years will be vigorously promoted. Governments around the country have increased the purchase of public services. By purchasing public services from social organizations, the separation of "providers" and "producers" of services is conducive to the transformation of government functions, to enable the public to enjoy better public services, and to make social groups generally facing financial difficulties. Our government has encountered many difficulties in the process of purchasing services, which not only leads to the low quality and inefficiency of some public services, resulting in the waste of public resources, but also damages the interests of the public, resulting in the decline of the credibility of the government, the public and the community. The causes of these losses include not only the failure of supervision caused by the absence of legal system, but also the government rent-seeking caused by the distortion of values, the conspiracy of both parties to the contract, and the inability to perform the contract caused by the weak strength of social organizations. This paper attempts to introduce risk management theory into the process of government purchasing public services of social organizations, systematically analyze the planning, selection, implementation and evaluation of potential risk factors in the four links, and find out the causes of the risks. In order to minimize the impact of risk factors on the quality of public services, the author puts forward the methods of risk prevention, control and transfer from the perspectives of high awareness, perfecting the system law and strengthening the capacity building of the main body.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D630;D632.9

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